Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2012;52:401-31. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010611-134701. Epub 2011 Oct 17.
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes are the most polymorphic in the human genome and are critical in regulating specific immunity, hence their historical discovery as "immune response" genes. HLA allotypes are also implicated in unwanted immune reactions, including drug hypersensitivity syndrome, in which small therapeutic drugs interact with antigenic peptides to drive T cell responses restricted by host HLA. Abacavir, allo-purinol, and carbamazepine are three commonly used drugs that cause a T cell-mediated hypersensitivity that is HLA linked, with each drug exhibiting striking specificity for presentation by defined HLA allotypes. Recent findings have begun to unearth the mechanistic basis for these HLA associations, and here we review recent advances in the field of HLA-associated drug hypersensitivities.
人类白细胞抗原（HLA）基因是人类基因组中多态性最高的基因，对调节特异性免疫至关重要，因此它们被历史地发现为“免疫反应”基因。HLA 同种异型也与不想要的免疫反应有关，包括药物超敏反应综合征，其中小的治疗药物与抗原肽相互作用，驱动受宿主 HLA 限制的 T 细胞反应。阿巴卡韦、别嘌醇和卡马西平是三种常用的引起 T 细胞介导的超敏反应的药物，这些药物与 HLA 相关联，每种药物对特定 HLA 同种异型的呈递表现出显著的特异性。最近的发现开始揭示这些 HLA 关联的机制基础，在这里我们综述 HLA 相关药物超敏反应领域的最新进展。
