East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858–4353, USA.
J Nurs Scholarsh. 2011 Dec;43(4):412-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2011.01421.x. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is a positive psychological change experienced as a result of struggle with highly challenging life circumstances. This study tested the PTG Model in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) veterans following a major combat-related amputation. Specifically, the relationships among social support, rumination, length of time since amputation, and PTG among these veterans were examined.
This was a descriptive correlational design using a mailed survey. Data were collected from OEF and OIF veterans with a major traumatic amputation (excluding digit-only loss).
A nationwide postal survey was conducted in 2007 of veterans with a major combat-related traumatic amputation. 210 veterans registered at the Department of Veterans Affairs were sent a survey packet containing a letter of introduction, informed consent form, stamped return envelope, and four surveys: a study-specific demographic questionnaire, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Postdeployment Social Support scale, and a Rumination scale.
The mean PTGI score among OEF and OIF amputees (N= 56) was 59.1 (SD= 23). Rumination showed the strongest correlation with PTG: r= .43, p= .001. There was a small positive relationship between postdeployment social support and PTG: r= .24, p= .039. No statistically significant correlation between PTG and time since amputation was found in this sample.
As proposed in the PTG model, the findings of this study support the benefit of rumination or cognitive processing of the traumatic event and postdeployment social support in the process of developing PTG following a major combat-related amputation.
Following a life-threatening war injury, the patient's worldview is dramatically altered or shattered. Old assumptions and belief systems are rebuilt in the acute phase, rehabilitation, and reintegration into the community. The struggle in the aftermath of the traumatic event that results in personal transformation is known as PTG. Nurses contribute to a patient's physical and psychosocial adjustment by cultivating an environment in which the patient can explore and cognitively process the traumatic event and the resulting injury. Postdeployment social support in the form of emotional support (comforting gestures) or instrumental support (providing tangible goods or services) can be a means to foster PTG.
创伤后成长（PTG）是个体在应对极具挑战性的生活境遇时所经历的一种积极的心理变化。本研究旨在检验创伤后成长模型在经历过重大战斗相关截肢的持久自由行动（OEF）和伊拉克自由行动（OIF）退伍军人中的适用性。具体而言，本研究考察了这些退伍军人的社会支持、反刍思维、截肢后时间长度与创伤后成长之间的关系。
这是一项描述性相关设计，采用邮寄调查的方式。2007 年，研究人员对 OEF 和 OIF 中经历过重大创伤性截肢（不包括仅失去手指）的退伍军人进行了全国性的邮寄调查。
2007 年，研究人员向退伍军人事务部登记的 210 名退伍军人发送了一个调查包，其中包括一封介绍信、知情同意书、已贴邮票的回邮信封，以及四份调查问卷：一份特定于研究的人口统计学问卷、创伤后成长量表（PTGI）、部署后社会支持量表和反刍量表。
OEF 和 OIF 截肢者（N=56）的平均 PTGI 得分为 59.1（SD=23）。反刍思维与 PTG 的相关性最强：r=0.43，p=0.001。部署后社会支持与 PTG 呈正相关：r=0.24，p=0.039。但在本样本中，PTG 与截肢后时间之间没有发现统计学上的显著相关性。
正如创伤后成长模型所提出的那样，本研究的结果支持反刍思维或对创伤事件的认知加工以及部署后社会支持在经历过重大战斗相关截肢后发展创伤后成长中的作用。
在经历危及生命的战争伤害后，患者的世界观会发生巨大改变或彻底颠覆。在急性阶段、康复期间和重新融入社区的过程中，旧的假设和信仰体系会被重建。在创伤事件及其导致的伤害之后，个体通过努力进行转变，这一过程被称为创伤后成长。护士可以通过营造一种环境来促进患者的身体和社会心理适应，在这种环境中，患者可以探索和认知加工创伤事件和由此导致的伤害。以情感支持（安慰的姿态）或工具支持（提供有形的商品或服务）形式存在的部署后社会支持可以促进创伤后成长。
