State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
Neuropsychologia. 2011 Dec;49(14):3891-7. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.10.006. Epub 2011 Oct 14.
Outcome evaluation is a cognitive process that plays an important role in our daily lives. In most paradigms utilized in the field of experimental psychology, outcome valence and outcome magnitude are the two major features investigated. The classical "independent coding model" suggests that outcome valence and outcome magnitude are evaluated by separate neural mechanisms that may be mapped onto discrete event-related potential (ERP) components: feedback-related negativity (FRN) and the P3, respectively. To examine this model, we presented outcome valence and magnitude sequentially rather than simultaneously. The results reveal that when only outcome valence or magnitude is known, both the FRN and the P3 encode that outcome feature; when both aspects of outcome are known, the cognitive functions of the two components dissociate: the FRN responds to the information available in the current context, while the P3 pattern depends on outcome presentation sequence. The current study indicates that the human evaluative system, indexed in part by the FRN and the P3, is more flexible than previous theories suggested.
结果评价是一种认知过程，在我们的日常生活中起着重要作用。在实验心理学领域中使用的大多数范式中，结果效价和结果幅度是两个主要研究特征。经典的“独立编码模型”表明，结果效价和结果幅度是由独立的神经机制评估的，这些机制可能映射到离散的事件相关电位（ERP）成分上：分别是反馈相关负波（FRN）和 P3。为了检验该模型，我们依次呈现结果效价和幅度，而不是同时呈现。结果表明，当只知道结果效价或幅度时，FRN 和 P3 都会对该结果特征进行编码；当知道结果的两个方面时，两个成分的认知功能就会分离：FRN 响应当前上下文提供的信息，而 P3 模式则取决于结果呈现的顺序。本研究表明，人类评价系统，部分由 FRN 和 P3 来表示，比以前的理论所表明的更具灵活性。
