Tan Min, Li Mei, Li Jin, Li Huie, You Chang, Zhang Guanfei, Zhong Yiping
Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2022 Oct 20;16:965677. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.965677. eCollection 2022.
Previous studies have examined the outcome evaluation related to the self and other, and recent research has explored the outcome evaluation of the self and other with pro-social implications. However, the evaluation processing of outcomes in the group in need remains unclear. This study has examined the neural mechanisms of evaluative processing by gambling for the self and charity, respectively. At the behavioral level, when participants make decisions for themselves, they made riskier decisions following the gain than loss in small outcomes and engage in more risky behaviors following the loss than gain in large outcomes. However, magnitude and valence did not affect the next risky behavior when participants made decisions for the charity. At the neurophysiological level, the results found that the FRN was larger for the charity outcome than for the self-outcome. For FRN, the valence difference of small outcomes was smaller than that of large outcomes. The P3 response was larger for the self-outcome than for the charity outcome. Meanwhile, compared with the small outcome, the self-charity discrepancies have a significant difference in large outcomes. In addition, the FRN amplitude for self in large outcomes was negatively correlated with the upcoming risky choices, regardless of outcome valence. The behavioral results suggest that people are more likely to optimize strategies for themselves than for the charity. The ERP findings indicated that people focus more on charity outcome than self-outcome in the early stage. In the middle and late stages, people turn attention to their outcomes, and the difference between self's and charity's outcome varies with the magnitude. Specifically, it is only in large outcomes that people engage more emotional attention or motivation in their outcomes, but self and charity outcomes had a similar emotional engagement in small outcomes.
以往的研究考察了与自我和他人相关的结果评价，近期的研究探讨了具有亲社会意义的自我和他人的结果评价。然而，有需要群体中结果的评价过程仍不清楚。本研究分别考察了为自己赌博和为慈善事业赌博时评价加工的神经机制。在行为水平上，当参与者为自己做决定时，在小结果中，他们在获得收益后比损失后做出更冒险的决定，在大结果中，他们在损失后比获得收益后从事更多的冒险行为。然而，当参与者为慈善事业做决定时，结果的大小和效价并不影响下一次冒险行为。在神经生理水平上，结果发现，慈善结果的反馈负波（FRN）比自我结果的更大。对于FRN，小结果的效价差异比大结果的小。自我结果的P3反应比慈善结果的更大。同时，与小结果相比，自我与慈善的差异在大结果中有显著差异。此外，在大结果中自我的FRN波幅与即将到来的冒险选择呈负相关，无论结果效价如何。行为结果表明，人们为自己优化策略的可能性大于为慈善事业。事件相关电位（ERP）研究结果表明，在早期人们对慈善结果的关注多于自我结果。在中期和后期，人们将注意力转向自己的结果，自我和慈善结果之间的差异随结果大小而变化。具体而言，只有在大结果中人们才会对自己的结果投入更多的情感关注或动机，但在小结果中自我和慈善结果的情感投入相似。
