Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2011 Dec;18(6):401-8. doi: 10.1097/MED.0b013e32834cd3b0.
This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)/GnRH receptor (GnRHR) signaling at the maternal-fetal interface.
Several isoforms of GnRH and GnRHR are described. The hypothalamic decapeptide, GnRH-I, binds to the anterior pituitary and induces the synthesis and secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. It is also found in extrahypothalamic sites. A second isoform, GnRH-II, acts both in the hypothalamus and other organ systems, including placenta, breast, endometrium, and ovary. Although several putative isoforms of GnRHR have been identified, it is clear that, in humans, both GnRH-I and GnRH-II signal through a single receptor, GnRHR-I. GnRH-I, GnRH-II, and GnRHR-I mRNA and protein have been identified in placenta and regulate the β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin production, which is essential for the maintenance of early pregnancy. They may also play a role in the autocrine/paracrine regulation of trophoblast invasion through extracellular matrix remodeling.
GnRH-I and GnRH-II have multiple extrapituitary roles. In placenta, they bind to GnRHR-I to stimulate the production of β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin. They may also play a role in trophoblast invasion. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in GnRH/GnRHR signaling at the maternal-fetal interface may identify novel roles for GnRH agonists/antagonists in the prevention or treatment of hormonally mediated diseases.
本篇综述总结了我们目前对于 GnRH/ GnRH 受体（GnRHR）信号在母胎界面中的作用的理解。
已描述了几种 GnRH 和 GnRHR 的同工型。下丘脑十肽 GnRH-I 与垂体前叶结合，诱导黄体生成素和卵泡刺激素的合成和分泌。它也存在于下丘脑以外的部位。第二种同工型 GnRH-II 在下丘脑和其他器官系统（包括胎盘、乳腺、子宫内膜和卵巢）中均有作用。虽然已经鉴定出几种 GnRH 受体的假定同工型，但很明显，在人类中，GnRH-I 和 GnRH-II 都通过单个受体 GnRHR-I 发挥信号作用。在胎盘和调节人绒毛膜促性腺激素β亚基的产生中已经鉴定出 GnRH-I、GnRH-II 和 GnRHR-I mRNA 和蛋白，这对于维持早期妊娠是必不可少的。它们也可能在滋养细胞通过细胞外基质重塑的自分泌/旁分泌调节中发挥作用。
GnRH-I 和 GnRH-II 具有多种垂体外作用。在胎盘，它们与 GnRHR-I 结合，刺激人绒毛膜促性腺激素β亚基的产生。它们也可能在滋养细胞浸润中发挥作用。更好地理解 GnRH/GnRHR 信号在母胎界面中的分子机制可能会发现 GnRH 激动剂/拮抗剂在预防或治疗激素介导的疾病方面的新作用。
