Structural characterization of zinc(II) chloride in aqueous solution and in the protic ionic liquid ethyl ammonium nitrate by x-ray absorption spectroscopy.

Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy has been used to investigate the species and structures existing in a series of ZnCl(2)-H(2)O-NaCl solutions with different chloride/zinc ratios and in a solution of ZnCl(2) in the protic ionic liquid ethyl ammonium nitrate (EAN). The average coordination numbers and distances of zinc species were determined from the analysis of the EXAFS data. In aqueous solution the number of chloride ions tightly bounded to Zn(2+) is significantly related to the chloride/zinc ratio, and no inner complex formation between Zn(2+) and Cl(-) ions has been detected for low ZnCl(2) concentration (0.1 and 0.2 M). Conversely, in the same concentration range (0.13 M) the ZnCl(2) species do not dissociate in EAN and the Zn(2+) first coordination shell has two chloride ions and is completed by two oxygen atoms of the nitrate anion. The results of this investigation show that notwithstanding the existence of similar characteristics between EAN and water, the solvation properties of the two solvents are markedly different.