Müller-Spahn Franz
Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2003 Mar;5(1):49-59. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2003.5.1/fmuellerspahn.
Psychological symptoms and behavioral abnormalities are common and prominent characteristics of dementia. They include symptoms such as depression, anxiety psychosis, agitation, aggression, disinhibition, and sleep disturbances. Approximately 30% to 90% of patients with dementia suffer from such behavioral disorders. There are complex interactions between cognitive deficits, psychological symptoms, and behavioral abnormalities. A large number of standardized, reliable, and well-validated instruments for assessing the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia have been developed in order to evaluate the efficacy of treatment. Neurodegenerative processes in various brain areas, particularly in the frontotemporal cortex and limbic regions, leading to cholinergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic neurotransmitter dysfunctions constitute the biological matrix of behavioral symptoms, whereas psychological factors and personality traits play a modifying role. A large number of pharmacological, psychoeducational, psychotherapeutic, and social strategies have been developed to improve the quality of life of patients and their caregivers.
心理症状和行为异常是痴呆症常见且突出的特征。这些症状包括抑郁、焦虑性精神病、激越、攻击行为、去抑制和睡眠障碍等。约30%至90%的痴呆症患者患有此类行为障碍。认知缺陷、心理症状和行为异常之间存在复杂的相互作用。为了评估治疗效果，已开发出大量标准化、可靠且经过充分验证的工具来评估痴呆症的行为和心理症状。大脑各个区域，特别是额颞叶皮质和边缘区域的神经退行性过程，导致胆碱能、血清素能和去甲肾上腺素能神经递质功能障碍，构成了行为症状的生物学基础，而心理因素和人格特质则起到调节作用。已制定了大量药物、心理教育、心理治疗和社会策略，以提高患者及其护理人员的生活质量。
