Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, USA.
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2011 Dec;294(12):2140-57. doi: 10.1002/ar.21512. Epub 2011 Nov 1.
New World monkeys display a wide range of masticatory apparatus morphologies related to their diverse diets and feeding strategies. While primatologists have completed many studies of the platyrrhine masticatory apparatus, particularly morphometric analyses, we collectively acknowledge key shortcomings in our understanding of the function and evolution of the platyrrhine feeding apparatus. Our goal in this contribution is to review several recent, and in most cases ongoing, efforts to address some of the deficits in our knowledge of how the platyrrhine skull is loaded during feeding. We specifically consider three broad research areas: (1) in vivo physiological studies documenting mandibular bone strains during feeding, (2) metric analyses assessing musculoskeletal functional morphology and performance, as well as (3) the initiation of a physiological ecology of feeding that measures in vivo masticatory mechanics in a natural environment. We draw several conclusions from these brief reviews. First, we need better documentation of in vivo strain patterns in the platyrrhine skull during feeding given their empirical role in developing adaptive hypotheses explaining masticatory apparatus form. Second, the greater accuracy of new technologies, such as CT scanning, will allow us to better describe the functional consequences of jaw form. Third, performance studies are generally lacking for platyrrhine jaws, muscles, and teeth and offer exciting avenues for linking form to feeding behavior and diet. Finally, attempts to bridge distinct research agendas, such as collecting in vivo physiological data during feeding in natural environments, present some of the greatest opportunities for novel insights into platyrrhine feeding biology.
新世界猴的咀嚼器官形态多种多样，与其多样化的饮食和摄食策略有关。虽然灵长类动物学家已经完成了许多关于阔鼻猴类咀嚼器官的研究，特别是形态计量学分析，但我们普遍认识到，我们对阔鼻猴类摄食器官的功能和进化的理解存在关键的不足。我们在这篇综述中的目标是，回顾一些近期的、且在大多数情况下是正在进行的研究，以解决我们对阔鼻猴类头骨在进食时的受力方式的理解中的一些不足。我们特别考虑了三个广泛的研究领域：（1）记录进食过程中下颌骨应变的活体生理研究，（2）评估肌肉骨骼功能形态和性能的度量分析，以及（3）开始进行摄食的生理生态学研究，即在自然环境中测量活体咀嚼力学。我们从这些简要的综述中得出了几个结论。首先，鉴于在提出解释咀嚼器官形态的适应性假说方面，活体应变模式在阔鼻猴类头骨中具有实证作用，我们需要更好地记录阔鼻猴类头骨在进食过程中的活体应变模式。其次，CT 扫描等新技术的更高准确性将使我们能够更好地描述颌骨形态的功能后果。第三，一般来说，阔鼻猴类的颌骨、肌肉和牙齿的性能研究较为缺乏，为将形态与摄食行为和饮食联系起来提供了令人兴奋的途径。最后，尝试弥合不同的研究议程，例如在自然环境中进食时收集活体生理数据，为深入了解阔鼻猴类的摄食生物学提供了一些最大的机会。
