Samarut J
Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, laboratoire de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire, France.
Reprod Nutr Dev. 1990;30(3):361-78.
Oncogenic cell transformation induces major changes in the structure and physiology of the cells: modifications of morphology, differentiation block, disorganisation of cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix, alterations in growth control. The identification of oncogenes relies upon transfer into host normal cells of DNA isolated from cancer cells. The recent development of DNA transfer into germinal cells has provided new insights into the genetic control of tumorogenesis in vivo. In most cases, full transformation into leukemic or tumor cell requires the cooperation of several oncogenes. These observations support the hypothesis of cancer as a multistep process. However, many of the cooperative oncogenes have not yet been identified, especially in human cancers. The recent discovery of genes acting as repressors of cell growth in normal cells has brought to light a new class of potential recessive oncogenes that might have a contributory function in cancer development.
形态改变、分化受阻、细胞骨架和细胞外基质紊乱、生长控制改变。癌基因的鉴定依赖于将从癌细胞中分离的DNA转移到宿主正常细胞中。DNA转移到生殖细胞中的最新进展为体内肿瘤发生的遗传控制提供了新的见解。在大多数情况下，完全转化为白血病细胞或肿瘤细胞需要几种癌基因的协同作用。这些观察结果支持癌症是一个多步骤过程的假说。然而，许多协同癌基因尚未被鉴定出来，尤其是在人类癌症中。最近发现的在正常细胞中作为细胞生长抑制因子起作用的基因揭示了一类新的潜在隐性癌基因，它们可能在癌症发展中起辅助作用。
