Centre for Public Mental Health, Gösing am Wagram, Austria.
Br J Psychiatry. 2011 Nov;199(5):367-72. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.110.085563.
Biological or genetic models of mental illness are commonly expected to increase tolerance towards people with mental illness, by reducing notions of responsibility and blame.
To investigate whether biogenetic causal attributions of mental illness among the general public are associated with more tolerant attitudes, whether such attributions are related to lower perceptions of guilt and responsibility, to what extent notions of responsibility are associated with rejection of people who are mentally ill, and how prevalent notions of responsibility are among the general public with regard to different mental disorders.
A systematic review was conducted of representative population studies examining attitudes towards people with mental illness and beliefs about such disorders.
We identified 33 studies relevant to this review. Generally, biogenetic causal attributions were not associated with more tolerant attitudes; they were related to stronger rejection in most studies examining schizophrenia. No published study reported on associations of biogenetic causal attributions and perceived responsibility. The stereotype of self-responsibility was unrelated to rejection in most studies. Public images of mental disorder are generally dominated by the stereotypes of unpredictability and dangerousness, whereas responsibility is less relevant.
Biogenetic causal models are an inappropriate means of reducing rejection of people with mental illness.
精神疾病的生物或遗传模型通常被期望通过减少责任和责备的观念来提高对精神疾病患者的容忍度。
调查公众对精神疾病的生物遗传归因是否与更宽容的态度有关，这种归因是否与较低的内疚感和责任感有关，责任感在多大程度上与对精神疾病患者的排斥有关，以及公众对不同精神障碍的责任感有多普遍。
对考察对精神疾病患者的态度和对这些障碍的信念的代表性人群研究进行了系统综述。
我们确定了 33 项与本综述相关的研究。一般来说，生物遗传归因与更宽容的态度无关；在大多数研究中，它们与更强的排斥有关，尤其是在研究精神分裂症的研究中。没有发表的研究报告了生物遗传归因和感知责任之间的关联。自我责任的刻板印象在大多数研究中与排斥无关。公众对精神障碍的印象通常以不可预测性和危险性的刻板印象为主，而责任感则不太相关。
生物遗传因果模型是减少对精神疾病患者排斥的不当手段。
