Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
J Plant Physiol. 2012 Jan 1;169(1):1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.09.008. Epub 2011 Nov 1.
In plants, iron (Fe) deficiency-induced chlorosis is a major problem, affecting both yield and quality of crops. Plants have evolved multifaceted strategies, such as reductase activity, proton extrusion, and specialised storage proteins, to mobilise Fe from the environment and distribute it within the plant. Because of its fundamental role in plant productivity, several issues concerning Fe homeostasis in plants are currently intensively studied. The activation of Fe uptake reactions requires an overall adaptation of the primary metabolism because these activities need the constant supply of energetic substrates (i.e., NADPH and ATP). Several studies concerning the metabolism of Fe-deficient plants have been conducted, but research focused on mitochondrial implications in adaptive responses to nutritional stress has only begun in recent years. Mitochondria are the energetic centre of the root cell, and they are strongly affected by Fe deficiency. Nevertheless, they display a high level of functional flexibility, which allows them to maintain the viability of the cell. Mitochondria represent a crucial target of studies on plant homeostasis, and it might be of interest to concentrate future research on understanding how mitochondria orchestrate the reprogramming of root cell metabolism under Fe deficiency. In this review, I summarise what it is known about the effect of Fe deficiency on mitochondrial metabolism and morphology. Moreover, I present a detailed view of the possible roles of mitochondria in the development of plant responses to Fe deficiency, integrating old findings with new and discussing new hypotheses for future investigations.
在植物中，铁（Fe）缺乏诱导的黄化是一个主要问题，影响作物的产量和质量。植物已经进化出多种策略，如还原酶活性、质子外排和专门的储存蛋白，以从环境中动员铁并在植物体内分配它。由于铁在植物生产力中的基本作用，目前正在深入研究与植物铁稳态有关的几个问题。铁吸收反应的激活需要初级代谢的全面适应，因为这些活动需要不断供应能量底物（即 NADPH 和 ATP）。已经进行了几项关于缺铁植物代谢的研究，但近年来才开始研究线粒体在营养胁迫适应反应中的作用。线粒体是根细胞的能量中心，它们受到缺铁的强烈影响。然而，它们表现出高水平的功能灵活性，使它们能够维持细胞的活力。线粒体是植物稳态研究的一个关键目标，集中研究线粒体如何在铁缺乏下协调根细胞代谢的重编程可能会很有趣。在这篇综述中，我总结了铁缺乏对线粒体代谢和形态的影响。此外，我还详细介绍了线粒体在植物对铁缺乏反应的发展中的可能作用，将旧的发现与新的发现结合起来，并讨论了未来研究的新假设。
