Crawford M, Lerman J, Christensen S, Farrow-Gillespie A
Department of Anaesthesia, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Anesth Analg. 1990 Oct;71(4):400-3. doi: 10.1213/00000539-199010000-00014.
To determine the effects of duration of fasting before elective surgery on gastric fluid pH and volume in children, a prospective, randomized, blinded study of 100 unpremedicated children, aged 1-14 yr, was undertaken. Each child was given 2 mL/kg of water orally and then fasted 2, 4, or 6 h preoperatively. After induction of anesthesia and tracheal intubation, gastric fluid was aspirated through a large-bore, multiorifice orogastric tube. Gastric fluid pH was measured using a calibrated PHM62 radiometer. Gastric fluid volume was the total volume of fluid aspirated from the stomach. The duration of fasting was between 2.0 and 8.5 h. We found that neither gastric fluid pH nor gastric fluid volume correlated with the duration of fasting. The mean (+/- SD) gastric fluid pH was 1.80 +/- 0.79 and the mean (+/- SD) gastric fluid volume was 0.56 +/- 0.39 mL/kg. Gastric fluid pH was less than 2.5 and volume greater than 0.4 mL/kg in 53% of children. We conclude that healthy children may receive 2 mL/kg of water up to 2 h before elective surgery without decreasing gastric fluid pH or increasing gastric fluid volume beyond values obtained after fasting for 6 h.
为了确定择期手术前禁食时间对儿童胃液pH值和容量的影响，我们对100名年龄在1至14岁、未使用术前药的儿童进行了一项前瞻性、随机、盲法研究。每个儿童口服2 mL/kg的水，然后在术前禁食2、4或6小时。麻醉诱导和气管插管后，通过大口径、多孔口胃管抽吸胃液。使用校准后的PHM62辐射计测量胃液pH值。胃液容量为从胃中抽出的液体总体积。禁食时间在2.0至8.5小时之间。我们发现胃液pH值和胃液容量均与禁食时间无关。平均（±标准差）胃液pH值为1.80±0.79，平均（±标准差）胃液容量为0.56±0.39 mL/kg。53%的儿童胃液pH值小于2.5且容量大于0.4 mL/kg。我们得出结论，健康儿童在择期手术前2小时内可饮用2 mL/kg的水，而不会降低胃液pH值或增加胃液容量，使其超过禁食6小时后的数值。
