Health Equity Institute, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132, USA.
Womens Health Issues. 2011 Nov;21(6 Suppl):S287-94. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2011.07.012.
Successes in HIV prevention efforts in the U.S. have resulted in drastic reductions in the number of new infections in the U.S. among white gay men and injection drug users, a stabilization in overall annual rates of new HIV infections, and near eradication of mother-to child transmission of HIV. Despite this remarkable progress, the proportion of AIDS cases in women has slowly, quietly, and steadily increased from 7% in 1985 to 25% in 2008. The fact the prevention efforts have not reduced HIV spread among women suggests that targeting the individual behaviors of women to prevent HIV acquisition is not a sufficiently effective public health strategy. Interventions that more broadly address the needs of women and their families, and address the contextual factors in which HIV risk occurs are more likely to lead to measurable and sustainable progress. Over the past 30 years, we have seen the U.S. HIV epidemic in women become similar to patterns of HIV risk among women in the developing world. In 2009, 85% of women who acquired HIV became infected through sex with a man and the majority (83%) of them were non-white women. Efforts to understand these immense disparities and create gender-responsive strategies must be a priority within our National HIV/AIDS Strategy.
美国在艾滋病预防方面取得的成功，使得美国新增白人男同性恋者和注射毒品使用者艾滋病感染人数大幅减少，艾滋病新感染病例的年增长率保持稳定，并且几乎消除了母婴传播艾滋病的现象。尽管取得了这一显著进展，但艾滋病患者中女性的比例却从 1985 年的 7%缓慢、悄然、稳步上升到 2008 年的 25%。预防措施未能减少女性中的艾滋病毒传播这一事实表明，针对女性个体行为来预防艾滋病毒感染的策略并非一种足够有效的公共卫生策略。更广泛地满足妇女及其家庭需求，并解决艾滋病毒风险发生的背景因素的干预措施，更有可能取得可衡量和可持续的进展。在过去的 30 年里，我们看到美国的妇女艾滋病疫情与发展中国家妇女的艾滋病毒风险模式相似。2009 年，85%感染艾滋病毒的妇女是通过与男子发生性关系而感染的，其中大多数（83%）是非裔美国妇女。我们必须优先考虑努力了解这些巨大差异并制定对性别问题有敏感认识的战略，将其纳入我们的国家艾滋病病毒/艾滋病战略。
