Warner R D, Kauffman R G, Russel R L
Muscle Biology Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
Meat Sci. 1993;33(3):359-72. doi: 10.1016/0309-1740(93)90007-5.
Quality attributes of the longissimus lumborum (LL) were compared to the attributes of the muscles semimembranosus (SM), rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), gluteus medius (GM) and the lateral portion of the semitendinosus (ST) in the ham, the psoas major (PM) in the loin and the supraspinatus (SS), infraspinatus (IS) and triceps brachii (TB) in the shoulder. Carcasses were allocated to quality groups based on measurements of muscle exudate and lightness (CIE-L(∗)) in the LL. The SM, BF, GM and ST in the ham were similar to the LL (P > 0·05) in meat ultimate pH (pHu) and exudate and the GM, ST and LL were similar (P > 0·05) to the LL in lightness. The TB, RF, SS, PM and IS were similar (P > 0·05) in exudate, lightness and pHu and compared to the LL, were less exudative (P < 0·05) and darker (P < 0·05). When the LL was classed pale, and exudative, the GM, BF, SM and ST were also pale and exudative but the other muscles were darker and non-exudative. When the LL was classed dark and non-exudative, all other muscles were dark, non-exudative and the pHu was high. Therefore, the LL could serve as a reliable indicator of colour and exudate for all porcine musculature when the condition was dark and non-exudative (i.e. DFD). However, when the condition was pale and exudative (i.e. PSE), then the LL would serve as a reliable indicator only for the four major ham muscles, excluding the RF.
将腰大肌（LL）的品质属性与半膜肌（SM）、股直肌（RF）、股二头肌（BF）、臀中肌（GM）以及半腱肌外侧部分（ST）（位于后腿）、腰大肌（PM）（位于腰部）和冈上肌（SS）、冈下肌（IS）及肱三头肌（TB）（位于肩部）的属性进行了比较。根据腰大肌中肌肉渗出液和亮度（CIE-L(*)）的测量结果，将胴体分配到不同的品质组。后腿的半膜肌、股二头肌、臀中肌和半腱肌在肉的最终pH值（pHu）和渗出液方面与腰大肌相似（P>0·05），臀中肌、半腱肌和腰大肌在亮度方面与腰大肌相似（P>0·05）。肱三头肌、股直肌、冈上肌、腰大肌和冈下肌在渗出液、亮度和pHu方面相似（P>0·05）；与腰大肌相比，渗出性更低（P<0·05）且颜色更深（P<0·05）。当腰大肌被归类为色泽苍白且渗出性强时，臀中肌、股二头肌、半膜肌和半腱肌也色泽苍白且渗出性强，但其他肌肉颜色更深且无渗出性。当腰大肌被归类为颜色深且无渗出性时，所有其他肌肉颜色深、无渗出性且pHu值高。因此，当情况为颜色深且无渗出性（即DFD）时，腰大肌可作为所有猪肌肉组织颜色和渗出液的可靠指标。然而，当情况为色泽苍白且渗出性强（即PSE）时，那么腰大肌仅可作为除股直肌外的四大后腿肌肉的可靠指标。
