Daza A, Mateos A, López Carrasco C, Rey A, Ovejero I, López-Bote C J
Departamento de Producción Animal, E.T.S. de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Meat Sci. 2006 Jan;72(1):1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2005.04.031. Epub 2005 Sep 19.
Forty three-castrated male Iberian pigs of the Torbiscal line with an average initial weight of 102.27kg were used. A group of 22 pigs was fed according to the traditional way in free-range conditions with acorn and grass from November to January. Another group of 21 animals was fed 3.72kg/day of a conventional feed that contained 12.53MJME/kg, 16.21% crude protein, 4.94% fat and 6.64% of crude fiber, during the same period. Measurements of backfat thickness and Longissimus dorsi muscle area at the last rib were taken by means of a real-time ultrasound device (Kretz Technick Inc., 600 V-V2.32, Sonovet, Austria) in all pigs before slaughter. After slaughter, carcass, ham and foreleg weights and backfat and muscle area measurement from the last rib chop were recorded. The average daily gain, carcass yield, fat thickness, loin area, ham weight and proportion of hams were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the pigs fed in confinement than in those fed extensively (653.36g, 77.97%, 56.46mm, 3031mm(2), 22.26kg and 14.32% vs 501.48g, 76.94%, 51.74mm, 2673mm(2), 21.52kg and 13.79%, respectively). This paper shows the prediction equations for hams, forelegs and total hams and forelegs weights and proportions with respect to slaughter weight and live ultrasound measurements in pigs fed either extensively or in confinement. The ultrasound measurements better predicted the carcass cuts absolute amounts (R(2)=0.591-0.875) than the carcass cuts proportions (R(2)=0.23-0.40). The use of real-time ultrasound should be used with caution to predict the absolute quantities of hams and forelegs from Iberian pigs since the ultrasound measurements are only moderately accurate.
选用了43头托比卡尔品系的阉割雄性伊比利亚猪，平均初始体重为102.27千克。一组22头猪在11月至1月期间，按照传统方式在自由放养条件下用橡子和青草喂养。另一组21头猪在同一时期每天饲喂3.72千克的常规饲料，该饲料含有12.53兆焦代谢能/千克、16.21%粗蛋白、4.94%脂肪和6.64%粗纤维。在所有猪屠宰前，通过实时超声设备（Kretz Technick公司，600 V-V2.32，Sonovet，奥地利）测量最后肋骨处的背膘厚度和背最长肌面积。屠宰后，记录胴体、火腿和前腿重量以及最后肋骨处排骨的背膘和肌肉面积测量值。圈养饲喂的猪的平均日增重、胴体产量、脂肪厚度、 loin面积、火腿重量和火腿比例显著高于（P<0.05）粗放饲喂的猪（分别为653.36克、77.97%、56.46毫米、3031平方毫米、22.26千克和14.32%，而粗放饲喂的猪分别为501.48克、76.94%、51.74毫米、2673平方毫米、21.52千克和13.79%）。本文给出了在粗放或圈养条件下饲养的猪中，火腿、前腿以及火腿和前腿总重量及比例相对于屠宰体重和实时超声测量值的预测方程。超声测量对胴体切块绝对量（R²=0.591-0.875）的预测比对胴体切块比例（R²=0.23-0.40）的预测更好。由于超声测量的准确性只是中等程度，因此在预测伊比利亚猪火腿和前腿的绝对数量时，应谨慎使用实时超声。
