水牛肝的物理化学、功能和微生物质量。
Physicochemical, functional and microbiological quality of buffalo liver.
机构信息
Division of Livestock Products Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, U.P., India.
出版信息
Meat Sci. 2004 Sep;68(1):79-86. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.02.006.
Buffalo liver is an important edible meat byproduct. However, in developing countries including India, it has a low commercial value and is underutilized. The present investigation was conducted to provide basic information on physicochemical, functional and microbiological quality of buffalo liver. Proximate composition was: moisture - 71.92%, protein - 18.44%, fat - 5.60%, carbohydrate - 2.72%, total ash - 1.32% and total energy - 135 kcal. Mineral concentrations (mg%) in liver were: Na - 60.04, K - 274, Ca - 5.60, Mg - 6.20, Fe - 20.86 and Cu - 5.60. Mean glycogen (mg/g), total liver pigments (mg/g) and cholesterol (mg%) were 7.07,8.49 and 283.88, respectively. The mean pH values of buffalo liver was 6.42, WHC - 38 ml per 100 g and cooking yield was 73.15%. Protein extractability studies indicated that liver contains higher amounts of water-soluble proteins (20-40%) than salt soluble proteins (7-15%) and presence of high molecular weight proteins in salt soluble protein fractions. The average microbial counts (log(10) cfu/g) for different organisms were APC - 6.10; psychrotrophs - 4.30; enterobacteriaceae counts - 4.97; staphylococcal counts 2.50 and total coliforms - 2.82.
水牛肉肝是一种重要的食用肉类副产品。然而，在包括印度在内的发展中国家，它的商业价值较低，未得到充分利用。本研究旨在提供水牛肝的基本理化、功能和微生物质量信息。其近似组成如下：水分-71.92%、蛋白质-18.44%、脂肪-5.60%、碳水化合物-2.72%、总灰分-1.32%和总能量-135 千卡。肝脏中的矿物质浓度（mg%）为：Na-60.04、K-274、Ca-5.60、Mg-6.20、Fe-20.86 和 Cu-5.60。平均肝糖原（mg/g）、总肝色素（mg/g）和胆固醇（mg%）分别为 7.07、8.49 和 283.88。水牛肝的平均 pH 值为 6.42、WHC-38ml/100g 和烹饪得率为 73.15%。蛋白质提取研究表明，肝脏含有比盐溶性蛋白（7-15%）更高比例的水溶性蛋白（20-40%），且盐溶性蛋白部分存在高分子量蛋白。不同生物体的平均微生物计数（log(10)cfu/g）为：APC-6.10；嗜冷菌-4.30；肠杆菌科计数-4.97；葡萄球菌计数-2.50 和总大肠菌群-2.82。
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