Teagasc, Grange Research Centre, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland; Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
Meat Sci. 2004 Sep;68(1):97-106. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.02.010.
The objectives of this study were (a) to compare muscle and adipose tissue colour of male progeny of two strains of high genetic merit Friesian cows (New Zealand [NZF] and Irish [DAF]) with those of beef (Belgian Blue)×dairy (Holstein-Friesian) [BBHF] male progeny; (b) to compare bulls and steers (gender) of these genotypes and (c) to examine the effects of slaughter weight (SW) on these quality traits. Bulls (n=48) and steers (n=48) of the three genotypes were grown to nominal target liveweights of 550 kg (light) and 630 kg (heavy). Adipose tissue from the NZF genotype was more yellow (P<0.05) than from DAF or BBHF, regardless of gender or SW. For longissimus dorsi (LD) pH, bulls and heavy animals had higher pH (P<0.05) than steers or light animals, respectively, while NZF and BBHF bulls had higher pH than steers. LD muscle from the BBHF genotype had lighter colour (P<0.05) and lower haem pigments (P<0.01) than NZF or DAF progeny. There was no difference in muscle `L' value between light bulls and steers but heavy bulls had darker muscle than heavy steers. There was an interaction between genotype, gender and SW for LD redness. Thus, NZF animals were most red when slaughtered as light or heavy bulls, but there were no differences between genotypes slaughtered as light or heavy steers. These data demonstrate differences in colour of beef, especially from progeny of NZF, which produced the most yellow adipose tissue and the most red muscle tissue.
（a）比较两种高遗传品质的弗里斯安牛（新西兰[NZF]和爱尔兰[DAF]）与牛肉（比利时蓝牛）×奶牛（荷斯坦-弗里斯安）[BBHF]雄性后代的肌肉和脂肪组织颜色；（b）比较这些基因型的公牛和阉牛（性别）；（c）检查屠宰体重（SW）对这些质量性状的影响。将三种基因型的公牛（n=48）和阉牛（n=48）饲养至 550 公斤（轻）和 630 公斤（重）的名义目标活重。无论性别或 SW 如何，来自 NZF 基因型的脂肪组织颜色更黄（P<0.05）。对于背最长肌（LD）的 pH 值，公牛和大动物的 pH 值高于阉牛或小动物（P<0.05），而 NZF 和 BBHF 公牛的 pH 值高于阉牛。来自 BBHF 基因型的 LD 肌肉颜色更浅（P<0.05），血红素含量更低（P<0.01），而 NZF 或 DAF 后代的肌肉颜色更浅。LD 肌肉的`L'值在轻公牛和阉牛之间没有差异，但重公牛的肌肉比重阉牛的颜色更深。LD 红色度在基因型、性别和 SW 之间存在交互作用。因此，当以轻或重公牛屠宰时，NZF 动物的颜色最红，但在以轻或重阉牛屠宰时，不同基因型之间没有差异。这些数据表明牛肉颜色存在差异，特别是来自 NZF 后代的牛肉，其产生的脂肪组织最黄，肌肉组织最红。
