Commonwealth Fund, New York City, NY, USA.
Health Aff (Millwood). 2011 Dec;30(12):2437-48. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0923. Epub 2011 Nov 9.
Around the world, adults with serious illnesses or chronic conditions account for a disproportionate share of national health care spending. We surveyed patients with complex care needs in eleven countries (Australia, Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and found that in all of them, care is often poorly coordinated. However, adults seen at primary practices with attributes of a patient-centered medical home--where clinicians are accessible, know patients' medical history, and help coordinate care--gave higher ratings to the care they received and were less likely to experience coordination gaps or report medical errors. Throughout the survey, patients in Switzerland and the United Kingdom reported significantly more positive experiences than did patients in the other countries surveyed. Reported improvements in the United Kingdom tracked with recent reforms there in health care delivery. Patients in the United States reported difficulty paying medical bills and forgoing care because of costs. Our study indicates a need for improvement in all countries through redesigning primary care, developing care teams accountable across sites of care, and managing transitions and medications well. The United States in particular has opportunities to learn from diverse payment innovations and care redesign efforts under way in the other study countries.
在全球范围内,患有严重疾病或慢性病的成年人在国家医疗保健支出中所占比例不成比例。我们调查了 11 个国家(澳大利亚、加拿大、法国、德国、荷兰、新西兰、挪威、瑞典、瑞士、英国和美国)有复杂护理需求的患者,发现所有国家的护理通常都协调得很差。然而,在初级医疗机构就诊的成年人具有以患者为中心的医疗之家的属性——临床医生可及,了解患者的病史,并帮助协调护理——他们对所接受的护理给予更高的评价,并且不太可能出现协调差距或报告医疗失误。在整个调查过程中,瑞士和英国的患者报告的体验明显好于其他接受调查的国家的患者。英国的报告改善情况与最近在医疗服务提供方面的改革有关。美国的患者报告说,由于费用问题,他们难以支付医疗账单和放弃治疗。我们的研究表明,所有国家都需要通过重新设计初级保健、发展跨护理地点负责的护理团队以及妥善管理过渡和药物来改进。美国尤其有机会从其他研究国家正在进行的多样化支付创新和护理重新设计工作中吸取经验。