Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
St. John's River State College, St. Augustine, FL 32084, USA.
Mar Drugs. 2011;9(10):2089-2105. doi: 10.3390/md9102089. Epub 2011 Oct 24.
Black band disease (BBD) of corals is a cyanobacteria-dominated polymicrobial disease that contains diverse populations of heterotrophic bacteria. It is one of the most destructive of coral diseases and is found globally on tropical and sub-tropical reefs. We assessed ten strains of BBD cyanobacteria, and ten strains of cyanobacteria isolated from other marine sources, for their antibacterial effect on growth of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from BBD, from the surface mucopolysaccharide layer (SML) of healthy corals, and three known bacterial coral pathogens. Assays were conducted using two methods: co-cultivation of cyanobacterial and bacterial isolates, and exposure of test bacteria to (hydrophilic and lipophilic) cyanobacterial cell extracts. During co-cultivation, 15 of the 20 cyanobacterial strains tested had antibacterial activity against at least one of the test bacterial strains. Inhibition was significantly higher for BBD cyanobacteria when compared to other marine cyanobacteria. Lipophilic extracts were more active than co-cultivation (extracts of 18 of the 20 strains were active) while hydrophilic extracts had very limited activity. In some cases co-cultivation resulted in stimulation of BBD and SML bacterial growth. Our results suggest that BBD cyanobacteria are involved in structuring the complex polymicrobial BBD microbial community by production of antimicrobial compounds.
珊瑚黑带病（BBD）是一种由蓝藻主导的多微生物疾病，其中包含多种异养细菌。它是珊瑚病中最具破坏性的疾病之一，在全球热带和亚热带的珊瑚礁中都有发现。我们评估了 10 株 BBD 蓝藻和 10 株从其他海洋来源分离的蓝藻对从 BBD 表面粘多糖层（SML）和三种已知的细菌珊瑚病原体分离的异养细菌的生长的抗菌作用。通过两种方法进行了测定：蓝藻和细菌分离物的共培养以及测试细菌暴露于（亲水性和疏水性）蓝藻细胞提取物中。在共培养过程中，测试的 20 株蓝藻中有 15 株对至少一种测试细菌菌株具有抗菌活性。与其他海洋蓝藻相比，BBD 蓝藻的抑制作用明显更高。疏水性提取物比共培养更具活性（20 株菌株中有 18 株提取物具有活性），而亲水性提取物活性非常有限。在某些情况下，共培养会刺激 BBD 和 SML 细菌的生长。我们的结果表明，BBD 蓝藻通过产生抗菌化合物参与构建复杂的多微生物 BBD 微生物群落。
