Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
Transplant Rev (Orlando). 2012 Jul;26(3):212-22. doi: 10.1016/j.trre.2011.09.002. Epub 2011 Nov 8.
Transplantation of allogeneic or "nonself" tissues stimulates a robust immune response leading to graft rejection, and therefore, most recipients of allogeneic organ transplants require the lifelong use of immune suppressive agents. Excellent outcomes notwithstanding, contemporary immunosuppressive medications are toxic, are often not taken by patients, and pose long-term risks of infection and malignancy. The ultimate goal in transplantation is to develop new treatments that will supplant the need for general immunosuppression. Here, we will describe the development and application of costimulation blockade to induce transplantation tolerance and discuss how the diverse array of signals that act on T cells will determine the balance between graft survival and rejection.
同种异体或“非自体”组织移植会刺激强烈的免疫反应，导致移植物排斥，因此，大多数接受同种异体器官移植的患者需要终身使用免疫抑制剂。尽管取得了优异的效果，但目前的免疫抑制剂具有毒性，且经常不被患者使用，长期存在感染和恶性肿瘤的风险。移植的最终目标是开发新的治疗方法，以取代对全身免疫抑制的需求。在这里，我们将描述共刺激阻断的发展和应用，以诱导移植耐受，并讨论作用于 T 细胞的各种信号将如何决定移植物存活和排斥之间的平衡。
