Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
Psychiatr Danub. 2011 Dec;23(4):406-11.
Depression is a very common mental disorder which often results in relevant negative consequences ranging from impaired quality of life to an increased suicide rate. Unfortunately, non-psychiatric physicians frequently under-diagnose and under-treat depression. Nevertheless, sometime the diagnosis "depression" is used for mentally well and other mental disorders (i.e. sometimes depression is over-diagnosed). Screening tools were suggested to improve the recognition of mental disorders in everyday clinical work. Studies have shown that the criterion validity of usual screening questionnaires such as the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is sufficient, while very short questionnaires consisting of one or two questions must not be used because of high misclassification rates. A meta-analysis of randomized trials of screening for depression indicate that screening for depression is probably effective when it is coupled with additional activities such as educational programs for primary care physicians.
抑郁症是一种非常常见的精神障碍，它通常会导致相关的负面后果，从生活质量受损到自杀率上升。不幸的是，非精神科医生经常对抑郁症诊断不足和治疗不足。然而，有时“抑郁症”的诊断被用于心理健康和其他精神障碍（即有时抑郁症被过度诊断）。筛查工具被建议用于改善日常临床工作中对精神障碍的识别。研究表明，常用筛查问卷（如老年抑郁量表（GDS））的标准效度是足够的，而由一个或两个问题组成的非常简短的问卷由于分类错误率高，因此不能使用。对抑郁症筛查的随机试验的荟萃分析表明，当与其他活动（如对初级保健医生的教育计划）相结合时，对抑郁症的筛查可能是有效的。
