Knight Cancer Institute, Division of Haematology & Oncology, and Department of Pathology, Portland VA Medical Center and Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
Nat Rev Cancer. 2011 Nov 17;11(12):865-78. doi: 10.1038/nrc3143.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are a paradigm for the development of personalized treatment for cancer patients. The nearly simultaneous discovery of a biomarker that is reflective of their origin and the presence of gain-of-function kinase mutations in these tumours set the stage for more accurate diagnosis and the development of kinase inhibitor therapy. Subsequent studies of genotype and phenotype have led to a molecular classification of GIST and to treatment optimization on the basis of molecular subtype. The study of drug-resistant tumours has advanced our understanding of kinase biology, enabling the development of novel kinase inhibitors. Further improvements in GIST treatment may require targeting GIST stem cell populations and/or additional genomic events.
胃肠道间质瘤（GISTs）是为癌症患者制定个性化治疗方案的典范。几乎同时发现了一种生物标志物，反映了它们的起源和这些肿瘤中获得功能激酶突变的存在，为更准确的诊断和激酶抑制剂治疗的发展奠定了基础。随后对基因型和表型的研究导致了 GIST 的分子分类，并根据分子亚型进行了治疗优化。耐药肿瘤的研究促进了我们对激酶生物学的理解，使新型激酶抑制剂的开发成为可能。进一步改善 GIST 的治疗可能需要针对 GIST 干细胞群和/或其他基因组事件。
