Wilson James C, Thorne Michael C, Towler George, Norris Simon
Quintessa Ltd, Chadwick House, Birchwood Park, Warrington, Cheshire WA3 6AE, UK.
J Radiol Prot. 2011 Dec;31(4):411-30. doi: 10.1088/0952-4746/31/4/002. Epub 2011 Nov 17.
Many countries have a programme for developing an underground geological disposal facility for radioactive waste. A case study is provided herein on the illustrative assessment of human health issues arising from the potential release of chemotoxic and radioactive substances from a generic geological disposal facility (GDF) for radioactive waste. The illustrative assessment uses a source-pathway-receptor methodology and considers a number of human exposure pathways. Estimated exposures are compared with authoritative toxicological assessment criteria. The possibility of additive and synergistic effects resulting from exposures to mixtures of chemical contaminants or a combination of radiotoxic and chemotoxic substances is considered. The case study provides an illustration of how to assess human health issues arising from chemotoxic species released from a GDF for radioactive waste and highlights potential difficulties associated with a lack of data being available with which to assess synergistic effects. It also highlights how such difficulties can be addressed.
许多国家都有一个开发放射性废物地下地质处置设施的计划。本文提供了一个案例研究，对放射性废物通用地质处置设施（GDF）中化学毒性和放射性物质的潜在释放所引发的人类健康问题进行说明性评估。该说明性评估采用源-途径-受体方法，并考虑了多种人类接触途径。将估计的接触量与权威性毒理学评估标准进行比较。考虑了接触化学污染物混合物或放射性毒性与化学毒性物质组合所产生的相加和协同效应的可能性。该案例研究说明了如何评估放射性废物GDF释放的化学毒性物质所引发的人类健康问题，并突出了因缺乏用于评估协同效应的数据而存在的潜在困难。它还强调了如何解决这些困难。
