Women's Health Sciences Division, National Center for PTSD, VA, Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, 116B-3, Boston, MA, USA.
Anxiety Stress Coping. 2013;26(1):52-69. doi: 10.1080/10615806.2011.634001. Epub 2011 Nov 21.
Evidence across a multitude of contexts indicates that social support is associated with reduced risk for mental health symptoms. More information is needed on the effectiveness of different sources of support, as well as sex differences in support. Associations between social support from two sources - the military unit and friends and family - and mental health symptoms were examined in a study of 1571 Marine recruits assessed at the beginning and end of a highly stressful 13-week training program. Military social support buffered the stressor exposure-posttraumatic stress symptomatology (PTSS) relationship, whereas the relationship between stressor exposure and PTSS was highest when civilian social support was high. Further inspection of the interactions revealed that military support was most important at high levels of stressor exposure. Sex differences in the relationship between social support and symptoms were found, such that support from military peers was associated with lower levels of PTSS for men, whereas civilian support was associated with lower PTSS for women. While civilian social support was associated with lower levels of depression symptom severity in both women and men, the relationship was stronger for women. Reviewed implications focus on the importance of considering the recipient, source, and context of social support.
大量研究表明，社会支持与心理健康症状的风险降低有关。需要更多关于不同支持来源的有效性以及支持方面的性别差异的信息。本研究对 1571 名海军陆战队员进行了评估，他们在一项高度紧张的 13 周训练计划开始和结束时接受了评估，研究考察了来自两个来源（军事单位和朋友及家人）的社会支持与心理健康症状之间的关系。军事社会支持缓冲了应激源暴露后创伤后应激症状（PTSS）的关系，而当平民社会支持较高时，应激源暴露与 PTSS 之间的关系最高。进一步检查发现，在高应激源暴露水平下，军事支持最为重要。还发现社会支持与症状之间存在性别差异，即军事同伴的支持与男性的 PTSD 症状水平较低有关，而平民支持与女性的 PTSD 症状水平较低有关。虽然平民社会支持与男女抑郁症状严重程度的降低有关，但这种关系对女性更强。审查的影响集中在考虑社会支持的接受者、来源和背景的重要性上。
