Bancal C, Arnoult F, Krapf L, Bonay M
Service de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles Et Pneumologie A, Hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 46, rue Henri-Huchard, 75877 Paris cedex 18, France.
Rev Mal Respir. 2011 Oct;28(8):967-77. doi: 10.1016/j.rmr.2011.07.001. Epub 2011 Aug 3.
The prevalence of patent foramen ovale (PFO) is high. As identified at autopsy it is found in approximately 25% of the general population. Anatomically a PFO represents a channel through which unidirectional blood flow from the right to the left atrium may occur. This potential interatrial shunt of unoxygenated venous blood into the oxygenated arterial system may lead to hypoxaemia. Usually right to left shunting across a PFO is transient and without clinical significance. Increased pulmonary arterial pressure may give rise to left-right pressure gradient reversal and right to left shunting across a PFO. High pressure in the right heart chambers, even without pulmonary arterial hypertension, can potentially lead to the reopening of a foramen ovale. In other cases inferior vena cava flow deviation might lead to right to left shunting across a PFO. Right to left shunting without pressure increase inside the right heart chambers is usually transient and even positional and its diagnosis is more difficult.
卵圆孔未闭（PFO）的患病率很高。据尸检发现，在普通人群中约有25%存在卵圆孔未闭。从解剖学上讲，卵圆孔未闭是一个可使血液从右心房单向流入左心房的通道。这种未氧合的静脉血潜在的心房内分流进入氧合的动脉系统可能会导致低氧血症。通常，通过卵圆孔未闭的右向左分流是短暂的，且无临床意义。肺动脉压升高可能导致左右压力梯度逆转以及通过卵圆孔未闭的右向左分流。即使没有肺动脉高压，右心腔的高压也可能导致卵圆孔重新开放。在其他情况下，下腔静脉血流偏差可能导致通过卵圆孔未闭的右向左分流。右心腔内无压力升高的右向左分流通常是短暂的，甚至与体位有关，其诊断更为困难。
