Gburek Jakub, Gołąb Krzysztof, Juszczyńska Katarzyna
Katedra i Zakład Biochemii Farmaceutycznej, Akademia Medyczna im. Piastów Śląskich we Wrocławiu.
Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2011 Oct 27;65:668-77. doi: 10.5604/17322693.964329.
Albumin is the main protein of blood plasma, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid. The protein assists in many important body functions, including maintenance of proper colloidal osmotic pressure, transport of important metabolites and antioxidant action. Synthesis of albumin takes place mainly in the liver, and its catabolism occurs mostly in vascular endothelium of muscle, skin and liver as well as in the kidney tubular epithelium. Renal catabolism of albumin consists of glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption. The tubular processes include endocytosis via the multiligand scavenger receptor tandem megalin and cubilin-amnionless complex. Possible ways of further catabolism of this protein are lysosomal proteolysis to amino acids and short peptides, recycling of degradation products into the bloodstream and tubular lumen or transcytosis of whole molecules. The article discusses the molecular aspects of these processes and presents the controversies arising in the light of the last decade of research.
白蛋白是血浆、淋巴液、脑脊液和组织液中的主要蛋白质。该蛋白质有助于许多重要的身体功能，包括维持适当的胶体渗透压、运输重要代谢物以及抗氧化作用。白蛋白的合成主要在肝脏中进行，其分解代谢主要发生在肌肉、皮肤和肝脏的血管内皮以及肾小管上皮中。白蛋白的肾脏分解代谢包括肾小球滤过和肾小管重吸收。肾小管过程包括通过多配体清道夫受体串联巨蛋白和 cubilin-无羊膜蛋白复合物的内吞作用。这种蛋白质进一步分解代谢的可能途径是溶酶体蛋白水解为氨基酸和短肽、降解产物再循环到血液和肾小管腔中或整个分子的转胞吞作用。本文讨论了这些过程的分子方面，并根据过去十年的研究提出了出现的争议。
