Granone Tiffany D, de Francisco Olga N, Killos Maria B, Quandt Jane E, Mandsager Ron E, Graham Lynelle F
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Vet Anaesth Analg. 2012 Jan;39(1):29-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00668.x. Epub 2011 Nov 22.
To compare isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane for inhalant anesthesia in red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) in terms of the speed and characteristics of induction; cardiovascular and respiratory parameters while anesthetized; and speed and quality of recovery.
Prospective, cross over, randomized experimental study.
12 healthy adult red-tailed hawks.
Anesthesia was induced with isoflurane, sevoflurane or desflurane in oxygen via face mask in a crossover, randomized design with a 1 week washout period between each treatment. Hawks were tracheally intubated, allowed to breathe spontaneously, and instrumented for cardiopulmonary monitoring. Data collected included heart rate, respiratory rate, end-tidal CO(2) , inspired and expired agent, SpO(2,) temperature, systolic blood pressure, time to intubation and time to recovery (tracking). Recovery was subjectively scored on a 4 point scale as well as a summary evaluation, by a single blinded observer.
No significant difference in time to induction and time to extubation was noted with the administration of isoflurane, sevoflurane or desflurane. Time to the ability of the bird to follow a moving object with its eyes (tracking) was significantly faster with the administration of sevoflurane and desflurane. All recoveries were scored 1 or 2 and were assessed as good to excellent. No significant difference was noted in heart rate, blood pressure and temperature among the three inhalants. Administration of isoflurane resulted in lower respiratory rates.
Overall, although isoflurane remains the most common inhaled anesthetic in avian practice, sevoflurane and desflurane both offer faster time to tracking, while similar changes in cardiopulmonary function were observed with each agent during anesthesia of healthy red-tailed hawks.
比较异氟烷、七氟烷和地氟烷用于红尾鵟（Buteo jamaicensis）吸入麻醉时的诱导速度和特征；麻醉期间的心血管和呼吸参数；以及苏醒速度和质量。
前瞻性、交叉、随机实验研究。
12只健康成年红尾鵟。
采用交叉、随机设计，通过面罩以异氟烷、七氟烷或地氟烷与氧气混合诱导麻醉，每次治疗之间有1周的洗脱期。对红尾鵟进行气管插管，使其自主呼吸，并进行心肺监测。收集的数据包括心率、呼吸频率、呼气末二氧化碳分压、吸入和呼出麻醉剂浓度、脉搏血氧饱和度、体温、收缩压、插管时间和苏醒时间（跟踪）。由一名单盲观察者对苏醒情况进行主观的4分制评分以及综合评估。
使用异氟烷、七氟烷或地氟烷诱导麻醉和拔管时间无显著差异。使用七氟烷和地氟烷时，红尾鵟眼睛跟随移动物体（跟踪）的能力恢复时间显著更快。所有苏醒情况评分为1或2分，评估为良好至优秀。三种吸入麻醉剂在心率、血压和体温方面无显著差异。使用异氟烷时呼吸频率较低。
总体而言，尽管异氟烷仍是鸟类麻醉中最常用的吸入麻醉剂，但七氟烷和地氟烷都能更快恢复跟踪能力，而在健康红尾鵟麻醉期间，每种药物对心肺功能的影响相似。
