Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.
Int J Drug Policy. 2011 Nov;22(6):463-70. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2011.10.006. Epub 2011 Nov 21.
There are few studies exploring the social context of controlled drug use amongst young people in Indonesia. This qualitative study examines the experience of young people in a slum area (lorong) in Makassar, eastern Indonesia, who use drugs but are not drug dependent and who employ various forms of self regulation to control their use.
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight controlled drug users.
The study found that whilst controlled drug users lived in a drug risk environment, they were not deeply embedded in the street culture, risk-taking practises and drug scene within their locality. Their employment, albeit in the informal economy and in low-paid jobs, facilitated their perspective that the status of rewa (a local construct of masculinity) and gaul (being sociable and up-to-date) could and should be accomplished through conventional means such as jobs and halal (legitimate) income. Their employment generated both direct benefit (legitimate income) and indirect benefit, including meaningful activities, structured time, positive identity and wider social networks (bridging social capital). This enabled them to have a stake in mainstream society and provided an incentive to control drug use. All factors which are protective against escalation into problematic drug use.
The study showed the importance of sociological concepts of direct and indirect benefits of employment and of social capital in understanding the social context of controlled drug use amongst young people in the lorong. Additionally, drug policy should be more cognizant of the social vulnerability in the lorong and of the need to increase access to employment amongst young people in order to potentially decrease the likelihood of problematic drug use.
鲜有研究探索印度尼西亚年轻人在受控药物使用方面的社会背景。本定性研究考察了印度尼西亚东部城市望加锡（Makassar）一个贫民窟（lorong）中使用药物但没有药物依赖并采用各种自我调节形式来控制使用的年轻人的经历。
对 8 名受控药物使用者进行了半结构化访谈。
研究发现，尽管受控药物使用者生活在药物风险环境中，但他们并未深入融入当地的街头文化、冒险行为和毒品场所。他们的工作，尽管是在非正规经济和低薪工作中，使他们认为可以并应该通过工作和清真（合法）收入等传统手段来实现 rewa（一种当地的男子气概建构）和 gaul（善于交际和与时俱进）的地位。他们的工作带来了直接的好处（合法收入）和间接的好处，包括有意义的活动、结构化的时间、积极的身份和更广泛的社交网络（桥接社会资本）。这使他们能够在主流社会中获得利益，并激励他们控制药物使用。所有这些因素都能起到保护作用，防止药物使用问题升级。
该研究表明，就业的直接和间接利益以及社会资本的社会学概念在理解年轻人在 lorong 中使用受控药物的社会背景方面非常重要。此外，毒品政策应该更加认识到 lorong 中的社会脆弱性，以及增加年轻人获得就业机会的必要性，以潜在地减少药物滥用问题的可能性。
