Spiegel Hans M L
Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Medical Officer, Microbicide Research Branch, Prevention Sciences Program, DAIDS, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, 6700A Rockledge Drive, Suite 200, Room 42A 123, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA.
Adolesc Med State Art Rev. 2011 Aug;22(2):277-82, x.
A marked decline of disclosure age for HIV positive youth is greatly influenced by the increase in long-term survival due to the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and the concomitant reduction in social stigma. Nevertheless, there are still significant numbers of young adolescents that are receiving treatment without having their HIV positive status disclosed to them. This chapter reviews studies of caregiver and health care provider preferences and hurdles for disclosure, as well as cultural patterns that strongly influence how and by whom HIV diagnosis disclosure is being provided. Disclosure of HIV infection status to young adolescents and symptomatic children is strongly recommended. All adolescents should know their HIV status and should be fully informed and counseled about all aspects of their health, including their sexual behavior. Physicians should encourage adolescents to involve their parents in their care.
由于高效抗逆转录病毒疗法（HAART）的引入使长期生存率提高以及随之而来的社会耻辱感降低，感染艾滋病毒的青少年公开感染情况的年龄显著下降。然而，仍有相当数量的青少年在接受治疗时未被告知其艾滋病毒呈阳性的状况。本章回顾了关于照顾者和医疗服务提供者对公开感染情况的偏好及障碍的研究，以及强烈影响如何以及由谁来告知艾滋病毒诊断情况的文化模式。强烈建议向青少年和有症状的儿童告知其感染艾滋病毒的状况。所有青少年都应该知道自己的艾滋病毒感染状况，并应充分了解并接受关于其健康各个方面的咨询，包括其性行为。医生应鼓励青少年让其父母参与到他们的治疗中来。
