Bai Dong-Yi, Yang Li-Hua, Unerhu Unerhu, Zhao Yi-Ping, Zhao Qi-Nan, Hasigaowa Hasigaowa, Dugarjaviin Manglai
Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
Yi Chuan. 2011 Nov;33(11):1171-8. doi: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2011.01171.
Coat color of horse is an important basis for both species identification and individual recognition and is also one of the important references traits for breeding. Therefore, the research on the mechanism of coat fading has become an important part of horses' coat color study. It has been found that the white phenotype is closely related to the mutation of kit gene, which is located on chromosome 3. Investigated results showed that the formation of the epidermal melanoblast and melanin relies on the expression of kit gene, which determines the presence of white phenotype. Nevertheless, studies results have shown that the mutation of kit gene in the white horse exhibited significant differences among species. Horses that the coat color completely faded are very rare and are found occasionally in a few species. However, a larger number of horses that coat color completely faded, called Mongolian white horse, are found in West Ujimqin , Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia. Therefore, genetic mechanism of color fading in Mongolian white horses is still not clear. No typical mutations have been observed in 21 exons of kit gene in Mongolian white horse. This paper summarized recent international studies on molecular mechanism of color fading and tried to lay the foundation for the study of formation mechanism of Mongolian white horse. The aim of this review is to provide some valuable references to horses coat color research and breeding.
马的毛色是物种识别和个体识别的重要依据，也是育种的重要参考性状之一。因此，对毛色褪色机制的研究已成为马毛色研究的重要组成部分。研究发现，白色表型与位于3号染色体上的kit基因的突变密切相关。研究结果表明，表皮黑素母细胞和黑色素的形成依赖于kit基因的表达，该基因决定了白色表型的存在。然而，研究结果表明，白马中kit基因的突变在不同物种间存在显著差异。毛色完全褪色的马非常罕见，仅在少数物种中偶尔发现。然而，在内蒙古锡林郭勒盟西乌珠穆沁发现了大量毛色完全褪色的马，称为蒙古白马。因此，蒙古白马毛色褪色的遗传机制尚不清楚。在蒙古白马的kit基因的21个外显子中未观察到典型突变。本文综述了近期关于毛色褪色分子机制的国际研究，试图为蒙古白马形成机制的研究奠定基础。本综述旨在为马的毛色研究和育种提供一些有价值的参考。
