Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Genetics Division, ARUP Laboratories, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Vitam Horm. 2011;87:93-109. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-386015-6.00026-3.
The mammalian liver possesses an extraordinary capacity for regeneration of tissue mass and cell numbers following loss of hepatocytes due to partial tissue loss (surgical resection) or hepatotoxic injury (necrosis). Restoration of liver mass can be obtained through the outgrowth and expansion of a number of different cell types depending upon the nature and extent of injury and/or tissue deficit. In an otherwise healthy liver, the replacement of hepatocytes (and tissue mass) is achieved through the proliferation of differentiated, normally quiescent hepatocytes contained in the residual (viable) tissue. However, in certain forms of liver injury, the capacity of differentiated hepatocytes to proliferate in response to liver tissue deficit is significantly impaired. When this occurs, reserve stem-like progenitor cells are activated to proliferate and replace lost hepatocytes. In this review, we will discuss the currently available information regarding the activation and outgrowth of each of these liver progenitor cell populations.
哺乳动物的肝脏在因部分组织损失（手术切除）或肝毒性损伤（坏死）导致肝细胞丧失后，具有非凡的组织质量和细胞数量再生能力。根据损伤和/或组织缺陷的性质和程度，通过多种不同细胞类型的生长和扩张，可以获得肝质量的恢复。在其他健康的肝脏中，通过剩余（存活）组织中包含的分化的、通常静止的肝细胞的增殖来实现肝细胞（和组织质量）的替代。然而，在某些形式的肝损伤中，分化的肝细胞在响应肝组织缺陷时增殖的能力显著受损。当这种情况发生时，储备的干细胞样祖细胞被激活以增殖并替代丢失的肝细胞。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论关于这些肝祖细胞群体的激活和生长的现有信息。
