Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Henry Wellcome Building for Neuroecology, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
Dev Psychobiol. 2012 Dec;54(8):773-84. doi: 10.1002/dev.20623. Epub 2011 Nov 29.
Stereotypic behavior in captive animals has been hypothesized to emerge from thwarted natural behavior patterns and is thought to be more common in captive-reared animals. However, data on the early stages of developing stereotypies are currently scarce. We compared the development of stereotypic route-tracing and somersaulting in hand-reared and wild-caught starlings placed in individual cages for the first time. We found that wild-caught birds were less active but showed more escape motivation and more evidence of route-tracing behavior. Furthermore, somersaulting was only observed in wild-caught birds. Development of somersaulting was predicted by subtle differences in behavior during the first few days in cages and developed in individuals with low levels of route-tracing behavior. Our data suggest a role for escape motivation in the development of starling stereotypies and additionally that route-tracing and somersaulting may represent alternative outlets for thwarted escape. In contrast to observations from mammals, our results show that stereotypies are more common in wild-caught starlings.
圈养动物的刻板行为被假设是由于自然行为模式受阻而产生的，并且被认为在圈养动物中更为常见。然而，目前关于刻板行为早期发展的数据还很缺乏。我们比较了首次被单独放在笼子里的人工饲养和野外捕获的八哥的刻板的路径追踪和翻筋斗行为的发展。我们发现，野生鸟类的活动量较少，但表现出更多的逃避动机和更多的路径追踪行为的证据。此外，翻筋斗只在野生鸟类中观察到。翻筋斗的发展可以通过在笼子里的最初几天的行为中的细微差异来预测，并在那些具有低水平的路径追踪行为的个体中发展。我们的数据表明，逃避动机在八哥刻板行为的发展中起作用，此外，路径追踪和翻筋斗可能代表了受阻的逃避的替代出口。与哺乳动物的观察结果相反，我们的结果表明，刻板行为在野外捕获的八哥中更为常见。
