Geden C J, Steenberg T, Lietze V-U, Boucias D G
USDA, ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, 1600 SW 23rd Dr., Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
J Vector Ecol. 2011 Dec;36(2):231-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2011.00163.x.
House flies (Musca domestica) infected with Musca domestica salivary gland hypertrophy virus (MdSGHV) were found in fly populations collected from 12 out of 18 Danish livestock farms that were surveyed in 2007 and 2008. Infection rates ranged from 0.5% to 5% and averaged 1.2%. None of the stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans), rat-tail maggot flies (Eristalis tenax) or yellow dung flies (Scathophaga stercoraria) collected from MdSGHV-positive farms displayed characteristic salivary gland hypertrophy (SGH). In laboratory transmission tests, SGH symptoms were not observed in stable flies, flesh flies (Sarcophaga bullata), black dump flies (Hydrotaea aenescens), or face flies (Musca autumnalis) that were injected with MdSGHV from Danish house flies. However, in two species (stable fly and black dump fly), virus injection resulted in suppression of ovarian development similar to that observed in infected house flies, and injection of house flies with homogenates prepared from the salivary glands or ovaries of these species resulted in MdSGHV infection of the challenged house flies. Mortality of virus-injected stable flies was the highest among the five species tested. Virulence of Danish and Florida isolates of MdSGHV was similar with three virus delivery protocols, as a liquid food bait (in sucrose, milk, or blood), sprayed onto the flies in a Potter spray tower, or by immersiion in a crude homogenate of infected house flies. The most effective delivery system was immersion in a homogenate of ten infected flies/ml of water, resulting in 56.2% and 49.6% infection of the house flies challenged with the Danish and Florida strains, respectively.
在2007年和2008年接受调查的18个丹麦畜牧场中，有12个场采集的家蝇种群中发现感染了家蝇唾液腺肥大病毒（MdSGHV）。感染率在0.5%至5%之间，平均为1.2%。从MdSGHV阳性农场采集的厩螫蝇（Stomoxys calcitrans）、鼠尾蛆蝇（Eristalis tenax）或黄粪蝇（Scathophaga stercoraria）均未表现出典型的唾液腺肥大（SGH）症状。在实验室传播试验中，向厩螫蝇、麻蝇（Sarcophaga bullata）、黑污蝇（Hydrotaea aenescens）或秋家蝇（Musca autumnalis）注射来自丹麦家蝇的MdSGHV后，未观察到SGH症状。然而，在两个物种（厩螫蝇和黑污蝇）中，病毒注射导致卵巢发育受到抑制，这与在感染家蝇中观察到的情况相似，并且用这些物种的唾液腺或卵巢制备的匀浆注射家蝇会导致受试家蝇感染MdSGHV。在测试的五个物种中，注射病毒的厩螫蝇死亡率最高。丹麦和佛罗里达分离株的MdSGHV在三种病毒递送方案下的毒力相似，这三种方案分别是作为液体食物诱饵（在蔗糖、牛奶或血液中），在波特喷雾塔中喷洒到苍蝇身上，或浸泡在感染家蝇的粗匀浆中。最有效的递送系统是浸泡在每毫升水含有10只感染苍蝇的匀浆中，分别导致用丹麦和佛罗里达菌株攻击的家蝇感染率为56.2%和49.6%。
