Braeuninger Stefan, Kleinschnitz Christoph, Nieswandt Bernhard, Stoll Guido
Department of Neurology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
Methods Mol Biol. 2012;788:29-42. doi: 10.1007/978-1-61779-307-3_3.
Rodent models of focal cerebral ischemia have been extremely useful in elucidating pathomechanisms of human stroke. Most commonly, a monofilament is advanced through the internal carotid artery of rodents to occlude the origin of the middle cerebral artery thus leading to critical ischemia in the corresponding vascular territory. The filament can be removed after different occlusion times allowing reperfusion (transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model) or is left permanently within the internal carotid artery (permanent MCAO model) both mimicking clinical thromboembolic stroke in which the occluding clot may resolve spontaneously or after thrombolysis, or may persist. Overall, the occlusion time determines the extent of ischemic brain damage, but infarcts still grow during reperfusion, a process involving complex interactions between platelets, endothelial cells, immune cells, and the coagulation system.
局灶性脑缺血的啮齿动物模型在阐明人类中风的发病机制方面极为有用。最常见的是，将一根单丝穿过啮齿动物的颈内动脉以阻塞大脑中动脉的起始部，从而导致相应血管区域的严重缺血。在不同的阻塞时间后，可以移除单丝以实现再灌注（短暂性大脑中动脉闭塞（MCAO）模型），或者将其永久留在颈内动脉内（永久性MCAO模型），这两种模型都模拟了临床血栓栓塞性中风，其中阻塞性血栓可能会自发溶解或在溶栓后溶解，也可能持续存在。总体而言，阻塞时间决定了缺血性脑损伤的程度，但梗死灶在再灌注期间仍会扩大，这一过程涉及血小板、内皮细胞、免疫细胞和凝血系统之间的复杂相互作用。
