Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1705 NE Pacific, Rm K243, P. O. Box 357710, Seattle, WA 98195-7710, USA.
Stem Cells Int. 2011;2011:791604. doi: 10.4061/2011/791604. Epub 2011 Oct 26.
Because of the imbalance in the supply and demand of red blood cells (RBCs), especially for alloimmunized patients or patients with rare blood phenotypes, extensive research has been done to generate therapeutic quantities of mature RBCs from hematopoietic stem cells of various sources, such as bone marrow, peripheral blood, and cord blood. Since human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be maintained indefinitely in vitro, they represent potentially inexhaustible sources of donor-free RBCs. In contrast to other ex vivo stem-cell-derived cellular therapeutics, tumorigenesis is not a concern, as RBCs can be irradiated without marked adverse effects on in vivo function. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the recent publications relevant to the generation and characterization of hESC- and iPSC-derived erythroid cells and discuss challenges to be met before the eventual realization of clinical usage of these cells.
由于红细胞（RBC）的供需失衡，特别是对于同种免疫患者或具有稀有血液表型的患者，已经进行了广泛的研究，以从各种来源的造血干细胞（如骨髓、外周血和脐带血）中产生治疗量的成熟 RBC。由于人类胚胎干细胞（hESCs）和诱导多能干细胞（iPSCs）可以在体外无限期维持，因此它们代表了潜在的、用之不竭的无供体 RBC 来源。与其他体外干细胞衍生的细胞治疗不同，不会引起致瘤性，因为可以对 RBC 进行辐照，而不会对体内功能产生明显的不良影响。在这里，我们全面回顾了与 hESC 和 iPSC 衍生红细胞生成和特性相关的最新出版物，并讨论了在最终实现这些细胞的临床应用之前需要解决的挑战。
