Heffline M S
J Post Anesth Nurs. 1990 Oct;5(5):321-8.
The postanesthesia nurse encounters patients with pain daily in nursing practice. The intensity of patients' acute postsurgical pain varies from mild to very severe. Currently, the treatment of choice for postsurgical pain is administration of a narcotic, usually in titrated intravenous doses. When the pain is mild and the patient is able to cope until the narcotic reduces the intensity of the pain, narcotics alone are satisfactory. However, the patient with severe pain may not be able to cope with the length of time required for the narcotic administered to produce pain relief. For those patients additional measures are needed to assist them in coping with the pain. Nursing interventions may benefit the adult postanesthesia patient who is experiencing acute pain upon emergence from anesthesia. Physiology of pain transmission and nursing research in the area of acute pain control are the basis for interventions. Preoperative education and sensory preparation, distraction, deep breathing, and progressive muscle relaxation are additional interventions with potential to enhance acute pain control in the PACU.
在护理实践中，麻醉后护理人员每天都会遇到疼痛的患者。患者术后急性疼痛的强度从轻度到非常严重不等。目前，术后疼痛的首选治疗方法是给予麻醉剂，通常采用静脉滴定剂量。当疼痛较轻且患者能够耐受直到麻醉剂减轻疼痛强度时，仅使用麻醉剂就足够了。然而，疼痛严重的患者可能无法耐受麻醉剂发挥止痛作用所需的时间。对于这些患者，需要采取额外措施来帮助他们应对疼痛。护理干预可能会使麻醉苏醒后正在经历急性疼痛的成年患者受益。疼痛传递的生理学以及急性疼痛控制领域的护理研究是干预措施的基础。术前教育、感觉准备、分散注意力、深呼吸和渐进性肌肉松弛是其他有可能增强麻醉后护理单元（PACU）急性疼痛控制效果的干预措施。
