[乳腺炎病原体对泌乳奶牛乳头皮肤和乳管的定植]

[Colonization of the teat skin and the teat canal of lactating dairy cattle by mastitis pathogens].

作者信息

Paduch J-H, Krömker V

机构信息

Fakultät II, Maschinenbau und Bioverfahrenstechnik, der Fachhochschule Hannover, Heisterbergallee 12, 30453 Hannover.

出版信息

Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere. 2011;39(2):71-6.

PMID:22138767

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

The teat canal of lactating dairy cattle is the first barrier against mastitis pathogens invading the teat cistern and the udder lumen. However, in several studies it could be shown that the teat skin and the teat canal epithelium are colonized by mainly staphylococci as well as by other pathogenic or facultative pathogenic micro-organisms. The aim of the study was to evaluate the pathogen pressure on the bovine mammary gland and to establish data on the prevalence of relevant micro-organisms.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

In 32 randomly selected German dairy farms the colonization of the teat skin and the teat canal by S.aureus (Baird Parker agar), Sc.uberis (modified Rambach agar according to Watts et al. [1993]), enterococci (kanamycin esculin azide agar) and coliforms (ChromoCult Coliform agar) was investigated by the wet/dry swab technique DIN10113-1:1997-07.

RESULTS

In total 84.5% of all 1358 investigated teat canals of clinically healthy cattle were colonized by at least one of the four pathogen groups. S.aureus was isolated from 72.2% of the teat canals. For S.aureus , Sc.uberis and E.coli maximum bacterial counts of >10(6) cfu/swab and for other coliform bacteria>10(7) cfu/swab were detected. Correlations could be found between the bacterial counts on the teat skin and in the teat canal within the pathogen groups S.aureus, Sc.uberis, E.coli and other coliforms (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient r≥0.30, p<0.001) as well as between the environmental udder pathogens Sc.uberis and coliforms (r≥0.25, p<0.01).

CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

The variation of the bacterial counts on teat epithelia could be an indicator that the microflora of the teat canal epithelium can be affected by management practices in dairy farms. The results of this study point out that under field conditions the efficiency of hygienic practices (husbandry, milking) can be assessed by sampling of the bovine teat canal by the wet/dry swab technique.

摘要

目的

泌乳奶牛的乳头管是抵御乳腺炎病原体侵入乳头池和乳腺管腔的第一道屏障。然而，多项研究表明，乳头皮肤和乳头管上皮主要被葡萄球菌以及其他致病或兼性致病微生物定植。本研究的目的是评估奶牛乳腺的病原体压力，并建立相关微生物流行率的数据。

材料与方法

在32个随机选择的德国奶牛场中，采用DIN10113 - 1:1997 - 07湿/干拭子技术，通过白德·帕克琼脂培养基检测金黄色葡萄球菌、改良兰巴赫琼脂培养基（根据瓦茨等人[1993]）检测乳房链球菌、卡那霉素七叶苷叠氮化物琼脂培养基检测肠球菌以及色原性大肠菌群琼脂培养基检测大肠菌群，对乳头皮肤和乳头管的定植情况进行调查。

结果

在所有1358个被调查的临床健康奶牛的乳头管中，共有84.5%被四种病原体组中的至少一种定植。从72.2%的乳头管中分离出金黄色葡萄球菌。对于金黄色葡萄球菌、乳房链球菌和大肠杆菌，检测到的最大细菌计数>10(6) cfu/拭子，对于其他大肠菌群细菌>10(7) cfu/拭子。在金黄色葡萄球菌、乳房链球菌、大肠杆菌和其他大肠菌群病原体组中，乳头皮肤和乳头管内的细菌计数之间存在相关性（斯皮尔曼等级相关系数r≥0.30，p<0.001），乳房链球菌和大肠菌群等环境性乳房病原体之间也存在相关性（r≥0.25，p<0.01）。