Pirker Wolfgang, Kocher Alfred
Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2011 Nov-Dec;31(6):663-8.
Replacement of lost teeth using oral implants is an accepted treatment modality with well-documented high long-term success rates. Conventional screw- or threaded cylinder-type implants have been used almost exclusively. Their incongruence with the extraction socket necessitates the use of a barrier membrane or bone augmentation to prevent down-growth of connective tissue or epithelium between the implant and socket. Although some minor changes in implant design have been made, the neck and abutment connection areas have not changed much in the past 30 years. Custom-made root analog implants have been employed clinically in rare instances; however, they yielded failure rates of up to 96% at 1 year of follow-up. So far, ovoid implants are the closest in design regarding resemblance to the natural tooth anatomy. Root analog zirconia implants with macroretentions were developed and produced for immediate single-stage replacement of missing or hopeless teeth. This article discusses the treatment and 3-year follow-up of a patient with such an implant for replacement of a maxillary molar.
使用口腔种植体替代缺失牙是一种被广泛认可的治疗方式，其长期成功率有充分的文献记载。传统的螺钉型或螺纹圆柱型种植体几乎被独家使用。它们与拔牙窝不匹配，因此需要使用屏障膜或骨增量技术来防止结缔组织或上皮在种植体和拔牙窝之间向下生长。尽管种植体设计有一些小的改变，但在过去30年里，颈部和基台连接区域变化不大。定制的牙根模拟种植体在临床上很少使用；然而，在随访1年时，它们的失败率高达96%。到目前为止，卵形种植体在设计上与天然牙解剖结构最为相似。开发并生产了具有宏观固位的牙根模拟氧化锆种植体，用于即刻单阶段替代缺失或预后无望的牙齿。本文讨论了一名使用这种种植体替代上颌磨牙患者的治疗情况及3年随访结果。
