Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. F. Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras 29075-910, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
J Fish Biol. 2011 Dec;79(7):1984-2006. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03138.x. Epub 2011 Nov 17.
The community structure of the reef fish fauna of Trindade Island, a volcanic oceanic island located 1160 km off the coast of Brazil, is described based on intensive visual censuses. Seventy-six species were encountered in 252 censuses, with mean ± S.E. of 99 ± 3 individuals and 15.7 ± 0.3 species 40 m(-2) transect. The average fish biomass, calculated from length-class estimation, was 22.1 kg 40 m(-2) transect. The species contributing most to biomass were, in decreasing order, Melichthys niger, Cephalopholis fulva, Kyphosus spp., Holocentrus adscensionis, Sparisoma amplum, Sparisoma axillare, Acanthurus bahianus and Epinephelus adscensionis. Carnivorous fishes were the largest trophic group in terms of biomass, followed by omnivores and roving herbivores. The two predominant types of reef habitat, fringing reefs built by coralline algae and rocky reefs made of volcanic boulders, showed significant differences in the biomass and the abundance of the trophic guilds. Within each habitat type, significant differences in species richness, density and biomass were detected among crest, slope and interface zones. Although similar in overall species composition to coastal reefs in Brazil, the fish fauna of Trindade Island shares certain characteristics, such as a high abundance of planktivores, with other Brazilian oceanic islands. Despite comparatively high fish biomass, including the macro-carnivorous species habitually targeted by fisheries, signs of overfishing were evident. These findings highlight the urgency for a conservation initiative for this isolated, unique and vulnerable reef system.
特林达迪岛是一座位于距巴西海岸 1160 公里处的火山型大洋岛屿，本文基于密集的视觉普查，描述了该岛的珊瑚礁鱼类群落结构。在 252 次普查中发现了 76 种鱼类，平均每个 40 米 -2 样线有 99 ± 3 尾个体和 15.7 ± 0.3 种鱼类。基于体长估计的鱼类平均生物量为 22.1 千克 40 米 -2 样线。对生物量贡献最大的物种依次为黑鳍裸颊鲷、褐牙鲷、波纹唇鱼、波纹唇鱼、波纹唇鱼、波纹唇鱼、波纹唇鱼、波纹唇鱼和波纹唇鱼。从生物量角度看，肉食性鱼类是最大的营养类群，其次是杂食性鱼类和游走草食性鱼类。两种主要的珊瑚礁生境（由珊瑚藻形成的边缘礁和由火山巨石组成的岩石礁）在营养类群的生物量和丰度方面存在显著差异。在每种生境类型中，脊、坡和界面区的物种丰富度、密度和生物量都存在显著差异。尽管特林达迪岛的鱼类区系与巴西沿海珊瑚礁总体上相似，但与其他巴西大洋岛屿一样，它具有某些特征，如浮游生物食者的高丰度。尽管鱼类生物量相对较高，包括渔业通常以之为目标的大型肉食性鱼类，但过度捕捞的迹象明显。这些发现强调了为这个孤立、独特和脆弱的珊瑚礁系统采取保护措施的紧迫性。
