Venenum Biodesign, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, NJ 08691, United States.
Fungal Genet Biol. 2012 Feb;49(2):101-13. doi: 10.1016/j.fgb.2011.11.006. Epub 2011 Nov 27.
The lipid transporter Arv1 regulates sterol trafficking, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol and sphingolipid biosyntheses in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ScArv1 contains an Arv1 homology domain (AHD) that is conserved at the amino acid level in the pathogenic fungal species, Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. Here we show S. cerevisiae cells lacking Arv1 are highly susceptible to antifungal drugs. In the presence of drug, Scarv1 cells are unable to induce ERG gene expression, have an altered pleiotrophic drug response, and are defective in multi-drug resistance efflux pump expression. All phenotypes are remediated by ectopic expression of CaARV1 or CgARV1. The AHDs of these pathogenic fungi are required for specific drug tolerance, demonstrating conservation of function. In order to understand how Arv1 regulates antifungal susceptibility, we examined sterol trafficking. CaARV1/CgARV1 expression suppressed the sterol trafficking defect of Scarv1 cells. Finally, we show that C. albicansarv1/arv1 cells are avirulent using a BALB/c disseminated mouse model. We suggest that overall cell survival in response to antifungal treatment requires the lipid transporter function of Arv1.
脂质转运蛋白 Arv1 调节固醇运输以及酿酒酵母中的糖基磷脂酰肌醇和鞘脂生物合成。ScArv1 含有一个 Arv1 同源结构域(AHD),在致病性真菌物种白念珠菌和光滑念珠菌中在氨基酸水平上是保守的。在这里,我们发现缺乏 Arv1 的酿酒酵母细胞对抗真菌药物高度敏感。在药物存在的情况下,ScArv1 细胞无法诱导 ERG 基因表达,具有改变的多效性药物反应,并且在多药耐药外排泵表达方面存在缺陷。CaARV1 或 CgARV1 的异位表达可纠正所有表型。这些致病性真菌的 AHD 对于特定的药物耐受性是必需的,这证明了功能的保守性。为了了解 Arv1 如何调节抗真菌敏感性,我们检查了固醇运输。CaARV1/CgARV1 的表达抑制了 Scarv1 细胞的固醇运输缺陷。最后,我们使用 BALB/c 弥散性小鼠模型表明,白念珠菌 arv1/arv1 细胞是无毒的。我们认为,细胞在抗真菌治疗中的整体存活需要 Arv1 的脂质转运蛋白功能。