Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC.
Ann Biomed Eng. 2012 Jun;40(6):1367-83. doi: 10.1007/s10439-011-0473-4. Epub 2011 Dec 7.
Recently, micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) technology and micromachining techniques have enabled miniaturization of biomedical devices and systems. Not only do these techniques facilitate the development of miniaturized instrumentation for biomedical analysis, but they also open a new era for integration of microdevices for performing accurate and sensitive diagnostic assays. A so-called "micro-total-analysis-system", which integrates sample pretreatment, transport, reaction, and detection on a small chip in an automatic format, can be realized by combining functional microfluidic components manufactured by specific MEMS technologies. Among the promising applications using microfluidic technologies, nucleic acid-based detection has shown considerable potential recently. For instance, micro-polymerase chain reaction chips for rapid DNA amplification have attracted considerable interest. In addition, microfluidic devices for rapid sample pretreatment prior to nucleic acid-based detection have also achieved significant progress in the recent years. In this review paper, microfluidic systems for sample preparation, nucleic acid amplification and detection for fast diagnosis will be reviewed. These microfluidic devices and systems have several advantages over their large-scale counterparts, including lower sample/reagent consumption, lower power consumption, compact size, faster analysis, and lower per unit cost. The development of these microfluidic devices and systems may provide a revolutionary platform technology for fast sample pretreatment and accurate, sensitive diagnosis.
近年来，微机电系统（MEMS）技术和微加工技术已经实现了生物医学设备和系统的微型化。这些技术不仅促进了用于生物医学分析的微型仪器的发展，而且还为用于执行精确和灵敏诊断分析的微器件的集成开辟了一个新时代。所谓的“微全分析系统”可以通过组合使用特定的 MEMS 技术制造的功能微流控组件，以自动格式在小芯片上实现样品预处理、传输、反应和检测。在使用微流控技术的有前途的应用中，基于核酸的检测最近显示出了相当大的潜力。例如，用于快速 DNA 扩增的微聚合酶链反应芯片引起了相当大的兴趣。此外，用于在基于核酸的检测之前进行快速样品预处理的微流体装置在近年来也取得了重大进展。在这篇综述论文中，将回顾用于快速诊断的样品制备、核酸扩增和检测的微流控系统。与大规模设备相比，这些微流控设备和系统具有几个优势，包括更低的样品/试剂消耗、更低的功耗、更紧凑的尺寸、更快的分析速度和更低的单位成本。这些微流控设备和系统的发展可能为快速样品预处理和准确、灵敏的诊断提供革命性的平台技术。
