Department of Family Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242-1097, USA.
Fam Pract. 2012 Aug;29(4):407-15. doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmr116. Epub 2011 Dec 6.
Evaluate differences in depressive symptoms, compare sociodemographic and health-related variables associated with depressive symptoms and report level of impact of depressive symptoms on daily activities.
Cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) diagnostic survey on 1115 patients aged 60-93 years who attended a primary care clinic in Korea, Russia or USA.
At least mild depression (PHQ-9 score of ≥ 5) occurred in 28% of Koreans, 65% of Russian and 27% of US participants. Russians scored more depressed on all PHQ-9 items (P < 0.01) and more suicidal thoughts (P < 0.001), while Koreans had less feelings of worthlessness (P < 0.001). Depression predictors included poorer self-rated health [odds ratio (OR) 2.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.84-3.33, P < 0.0001], chronic diseases (OR 1.34, CI 1.21-1.48, P < 0.0001), female gender (OR 1.56, CI 1.15-2.12, P = 0.0046) and religious attendance (OR 0.88, CI 0.79-0.97, P = 0.0099) for all subjects. Being employed was protective in Korea (OR 0.41, CI 0.21-0.77, P = 0.0061) and being married (OR 0.42, CI 0.27-0.66, P = 0.0002) and of older age (OR 0.95, CI 0.93-0.98, P = 0.0006) protective in US participants. Vascular disease was associated with depressive symptoms in Russia (OR 3.47, CI 1.23-9.80, P = 0.0187). In regression analyses stratified by country for a given level of depressive symptoms, the Russian sample had less impact on daily activities (Russia R (2) = 0.107 versus Korea R (2) = 0.211 and US R (2) = 0.419) P = 0.029.
Depressive symptoms were more common in Russia than in Korea and USA but had less impact on daily functioning. Cultural or environmental factors may account for this finding.
评估抑郁症状的差异，比较与抑郁症状相关的社会人口学和健康相关变量，并报告抑郁症状对日常活动的影响程度。
使用自我管理问卷和患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）对韩国、俄罗斯或美国的 1115 名年龄在 60-93 岁之间的患者进行横断面研究。
韩国、俄罗斯和美国参与者中分别有 28%、65%和 27%至少有轻度抑郁（PHQ-9 评分≥5）。俄罗斯人在所有 PHQ-9 项目上得分更高（均 P<0.01），自杀想法更多（均 P<0.001），而韩国人则感觉更没有价值（均 P<0.001）。抑郁预测因素包括自评健康状况较差（比值比 2.47，95%置信区间 1.84-3.33，P<0.0001）、慢性疾病（比值比 1.34，CI 1.21-1.48，P<0.0001）、女性（比值比 1.56，CI 1.15-2.12，P=0.0046）和参加宗教活动（比值比 0.88，CI 0.79-0.97，P=0.0099）。对所有受试者而言，在职是保护性的（韩国比值比 0.41，CI 0.21-0.77，P=0.0061），已婚（韩国比值比 0.42，CI 0.27-0.66，P=0.0002）和年龄较大（美国比值比 0.95，CI 0.93-0.98，P=0.0006）是保护性的。在俄罗斯，血管疾病与抑郁症状相关（比值比 3.47，CI 1.23-9.80，P=0.0187）。在按国家分层的回归分析中，对于给定程度的抑郁症状，俄罗斯样本对日常活动的影响较小（俄罗斯 R²=0.107，韩国 R²=0.211，美国 R²=0.419，P=0.029）。
与美国和韩国相比，俄罗斯的抑郁症状更为常见，但对日常功能的影响较小。文化或环境因素可能解释了这一发现。
