Electrophysiological impact of trazodone on the dopamine and norepinephrine systems in the rat brain.

Previous study has documented the long-term effects of the antidepressant trazodone on the serotonin (5-HT) system. The present work examined the impact of sustained trazodone on ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) and locus ceruleus (LC) norepinephrine (NE) neurons firing activity, and characterized its effects at 5-HT(2C), 5-HT(2A) receptors and α₁- and α₂-adrenoceptors. Electrophysiological recordings were carried out in anesthetized rats. Subcutaneously implanted minipumps delivered vehicle or trazodone (10 mg/kg/day) for 2 or 14 days. Administration of trazodone for 2 and 14 days did not alter the firing activity of DA neurons. Systemic injection of trazodone, however, reversed the inhibitory effect of the 5-HT(2C) receptor agonist Ro 60,0175 on the DA neuronal firing, suggesting an antagonistic action of trazodone at this receptor. Administration of trazodone for 2 days significantly enhanced the NE neurons firing. Despite a return of the NE neurons firing rate to the baseline following 14-day trazodone, the percentage of neurons discharging in burst was increased by this regimen. Administration of trazodone for 14 days enhanced the tonic activation of postsynaptic α₂-adrenoceptors, as indicated by the disinhibitory effect of the α₂-adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan on hippocampus pyramidal neurons firing. The inhibitory effect of acute trazodone on dorsal raphe (DR) 5-HT neurons firing was shown to be through the 5-HT(1A) receptor. Systemic injection of trazodone reversed the inhibitory action of 5-HT(2A) agonist DOI on the NE neurons firing rate, indicating its antagonistic action at 5-HT(2A) receptors. The enhancement in α₂-adrenergic transmission by trazodone, and its 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonism may contribute to its therapeutic action in major depression.