Fages Frédéric, Vögtle Fritz, Zinic Mladen
Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, Case 901, 13288, Marseille Cedex 9, France.
Top Curr Chem. 2005;256:77-131. doi: 10.1007/b107172.
The formation of gels by structurally highly diverse low molecular weight organic molecules is paradigmatically a supramolecular phenomenon. It is based on the self-assembly of certain organic molecules and involves highly specific noncovalent intermolecular interactions, in particular those inducing predominantly unidirectional aggregation. In this chapter, the design of low molecular weight gelators that incorporate single or multiple amide units as intermolecular hydrogen-bonding functionalities and methods of their preparation are given. Many efficient gelators of organic solvents and water could be prepared by the structural combination of amidic, carbamate, urea, or oxalamide groups and long aliphatic chains or aromatic groups with a large surface. The numerous potential applications in slow drug-delivery systems, the fabrication of templated materials, and in sensing devices are also discussed.
结构高度多样的低分子量有机分子形成凝胶典型地是一种超分子现象。它基于某些有机分子的自组装，涉及高度特异性的非共价分子间相互作用，特别是那些主要诱导单向聚集的相互作用。在本章中，给出了包含单个或多个酰胺单元作为分子间氢键功能的低分子量凝胶剂的设计及其制备方法。通过酰胺基、氨基甲酸酯基、脲基或草酰胺基与长脂肪链或大表面芳香基团的结构组合，可以制备出许多用于有机溶剂和水的高效凝胶剂。还讨论了其在缓释药物递送系统、模板材料制备和传感装置中的众多潜在应用。
