Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
Viruses. 2011 Nov;3(11):2065-2086. doi: 10.3390/v3112065. Epub 2011 Oct 31.
Although a variety of virus species can infect amphibians, diseases caused by ranaviruses ([RVs]; Iridoviridae) have become prominent, and are a major concern for biodiversity, agriculture and international trade. The relatively recent and rapid increase in prevalence of RV infections, the wide range of host species infected by RVs, the variability in host resistance among population of the same species and among different developmental stages, all suggest an important involvement of the amphibian immune system. Nevertheless, the roles of the immune system in the etiology of viral diseases in amphibians are still poorly investigated. We review here the current knowledge of antiviral immunity in amphibians, focusing on model species such as the frog Xenopus and the salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum), and on recent progress in generating tools to better understand how host immune defenses control RV infections, pathogenicity, and transmission.
虽然多种病毒物种均可感染两栖动物，但虹彩病毒（RVs）引起的疾病已变得尤为突出，对生物多样性、农业和国际贸易构成了重大威胁。RV 感染的流行率最近出现了相对较快的增长，RV 感染的宿主物种范围广泛，同种不同种群间以及不同发育阶段间宿主抵抗力的差异，这些均表明两栖动物的免疫系统起着重要作用。然而，免疫系统在两栖动物病毒性疾病发病机制中的作用仍未得到充分研究。本文综述了两栖动物抗病毒免疫的现有知识，重点介绍了青蛙（Xenopus）和蝾螈（Ambystoma tigrinum）等模式物种，并介绍了为更好地理解宿主免疫防御如何控制 RV 感染、致病性和传播而生成工具的最新进展。
