State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2011;11(3):3117-34. doi: 10.3390/s110303117. Epub 2011 Mar 14.
Fault detection for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has been studied intensively in recent years. Most existing works statically choose the manager nodes as probe stations and probe the network at a fixed frequency. This straightforward solution leads however to several deficiencies. Firstly, by only assigning the fault detection task to the manager node the whole network is out of balance, and this quickly overloads the already heavily burdened manager node, which in turn ultimately shortens the lifetime of the whole network. Secondly, probing with a fixed frequency often generates too much useless network traffic, which results in a waste of the limited network energy. Thirdly, the traditional algorithm for choosing a probing node is too complicated to be used in energy-critical wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we study the distribution characters of the fault nodes in wireless sensor networks, validate the Pareto principle that a small number of clusters contain most of the faults. We then present a Simple Random Sampling-based algorithm to dynamic choose sensor nodes as probe stations. A dynamic adjusting rule for probing frequency is also proposed to reduce the number of useless probing packets. The simulation experiments demonstrate that the algorithm and adjusting rule we present can effectively prolong the lifetime of a wireless sensor network without decreasing the fault detected rate.
近年来，人们对无线传感器网络（WSN）的故障检测进行了深入研究。大多数现有工作都静态地选择管理节点作为探测站，并以固定频率探测网络。然而，这种直接的解决方案存在几个缺陷。首先，仅将故障检测任务分配给管理节点会导致整个网络失去平衡，这会使已经负担过重的管理节点迅速过载，从而最终缩短整个网络的寿命。其次，固定频率的探测会产生过多的无用网络流量，从而浪费有限的网络能量。第三，传统的探测节点选择算法过于复杂，不适合在能量受限的无线传感器网络中使用。在本文中，我们研究了无线传感器网络中故障节点的分布特征，验证了少数簇包含大多数故障的 Pareto 原理。然后，我们提出了一种基于简单随机抽样的算法，用于动态选择传感器节点作为探测站。还提出了一种探测频率的动态调整规则，以减少无用探测包的数量。仿真实验表明，我们提出的算法和调整规则可以在不降低故障检测率的情况下，有效地延长无线传感器网络的寿命。
