Wang Jia-Song, He Liang-Cai, Rong Xian-Bing, Yuan Mei-Zhi, He Zheng-Wen, Liao Chang-Jun, Hou Yi-Yuan, Wang Jiao-Yuan
Institute of Schistosomiasis Prevention and Control, Jingzhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Province, Jingzhou 434000, China.
Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi. 2011 Jun;23(3):262-7.
To compare the effect of different models for the control of infectious source of schistosomiasis, so as to explore the control models suitable for lake and marshland regions.
The models of "replacement of cattle with machine" and "grazing prohibition and establishing fixed pasture" were implemented in 2 towns of Gong'an and Jianli counties, Hubei Province, respectively, and the data of infection situation of human and livestock, Oncomelania hupensis snail situation and the contamination status of wild faeces were collected and analyzed from 2008 to 2010.
In 2010, for the model of "replacement of cattle with machine", the infection rate of residents in the observation group decreased by 56.82% comparing to that in 2008, the difference had a statistical significance (chi2 = 78.197, P < 0.01), and the decrease extent in the observation group was larger than that in the control group; the infection rates of cattle and snails, and the density of infected snails of the former were all decreased to 0. No wild faeces were discovered in the observation group, while 58 pieces of wild faeces were discovered but no schistosome eggs were found in these faeces in the control group. In 2010, for the model of "grazing prohibition and establishing fixed pasture", the infection rate of residents in the observation group decreased by 39.00% without a statistic significance (chi2 = 1.594, P > 0.05), and the infection rate of cattle decreased by 43.98% without a statistically significant difference (chi2 = 0.751, P > 0.05) comparing to those in 2008. The density of living snails decreased by 89.83% in the observation group, while that in the control group increased by 6.80%. A total of 11 pieces of wild faeces were collected in the observation group, with a positive rate of 18.18%, and 7 pieces were collected in the control group, all of which were negative. During the 2 years, no acute and advanced schistosomiasis patients were newly discovered.
"Replacement of cattle with machine" and "grazing prohibition and establishing fixed pasture" are the main measures for schistosomiasis control in lake and marshland regions, the former is suitable for inner embankment regions, while the latter is suitable for the outer-embankment areas.
比较不同传染源控制模式对血吸虫病的防治效果，探索适合湖沼地区的防治模式。
分别在湖北省公安县和监利县的2个镇实施“机代牛”和“禁牧并建立固定牧场”模式，并于2008 - 2010年收集分析人畜感染情况、钉螺情况及野粪污染状况等数据。
2010年，“机代牛”模式下，观察组居民感染率较2008年下降56.82%，差异有统计学意义（χ² = 78.197，P < 0.01），且观察组下降幅度大于对照组；牛感染率、钉螺感染率及感染性钉螺密度均降为0。观察组未发现野粪，对照组发现58份野粪，但未检出血吸虫卵。2010年，“禁牧并建立固定牧场”模式下，观察组居民感染率下降39.00%，差异无统计学意义（χ² = 1.594，P > 0.05），牛感染率下降43.98%，与2008年相比差异无统计学意义（χ² = 0.751，P > 0.05）。观察组活螺密度下降89.83%，对照组上升6.80%。观察组共收集到11份野粪，阳性率为18.18%，对照组收集到7份野粪，均为阴性。两年间未新发现急性和晚期血吸虫病患者。
“机代牛”和“禁牧并建立固定牧场”是湖沼地区血吸虫病防治的主要措施，前者适用于内垸地区，后者适用于外垸地区。
