Iannotti Lora, Robles Miguel
Institute for Public Health, George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA.
Food Nutr Bull. 2011 Jun;32(2):112-23. doi: 10.1177/156482651103200205.
From 2006 to 2008, there were sharp increases in the prices of major food commodities globally, including maize, rice, and wheat. Few studies have contributed empirical evidence of the nutritional impacts of this food price crisis.
To assess changes in energy intake in response to food price shocks and in relation to calorie adequacy levels in seven Latin American countries.
Data were drawn from nationally representative household budget surveys. The quadratic almost ideal demand system (QUAIDS) model characterized change patterns in consumption for six food groups and one nonfood group under two scenarios: actual change in food prices by country, and standardized 10% increase in prices across all countries. Energy intakes before and after the crisis were determined once calories were assigned to food items from the ProPAN and US Department of Agriculture food composition databases.
Energy intakes were reduced by 8.0% (range, 0.95% to 15.1%) from precrisis levels across all countries. Ecuador and Panama were the worst affected, followed by Haiti and Nicaragua. There was a consistent, direct relationship between wealth quintile and change in energy intake. Rural areas were affected to the same extent as or a greater extent than urban areas. High positive increases in calorie consumption were found in the richest wealth quintile, exceeding 10% of previous levels in five countries.
Policies and programs targeting the poorest households in both rural and urban areas may be needed to offset the energy deficits associated with food price increases. More research is needed on the effect of food prices and micronutrient nutrition.
2006年至2008年，全球主要食品价格急剧上涨，包括玉米、大米和小麦。很少有研究提供关于这场食品价格危机对营养影响的实证证据。
评估七个拉丁美洲国家因食品价格冲击导致的能量摄入变化及其与卡路里充足水平的关系。
数据来自具有全国代表性的家庭预算调查。二次几乎理想需求系统（QUAIDS）模型描述了在两种情况下六个食品组和一个非食品组的消费变化模式：各国食品价格的实际变化，以及所有国家价格统一上涨10%。一旦根据ProPAN和美国农业部食品成分数据库为食品项目分配了卡路里，就可以确定危机前后的能量摄入量。
所有国家的能量摄入量均较危机前水平下降了8.0%（范围为0.95%至15.1%）。厄瓜多尔和巴拿马受影响最严重，其次是海地和尼加拉瓜。财富五分位数与能量摄入变化之间存在一致的直接关系。农村地区受到的影响与城市地区相同或更大。在最富有的财富五分位数中，卡路里消费量出现了较高的正向增长，在五个国家超过了此前水平的10%。
可能需要针对农村和城市地区最贫困家庭的政策和计划，以抵消与食品价格上涨相关的能量赤字。关于食品价格和微量营养素营养的影响，还需要更多研究。
