Tumour Cell Death Laboratory, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, United Kingdom.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2012 Jan 1;4(1):a008821. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a008821.
(Macro)autophagy is a cellular membrane trafficking process that serves to deliver cytoplasmic constituents to lysosomes for degradation. At basal levels, it is critical for maintaining cytoplasmic as well as genomic integrity and is therefore key to maintaining cellular homeostasis. Autophagy is also highly adaptable and can be modified to digest specific cargoes to bring about selective effects in response to numerous forms of intracellular and extracellular stress. It is not a surprise, therefore, that autophagy has a fundamental role in cancer and that perturbations in autophagy can contribute to malignant disease. We review here the roles of autophagy in various aspects of tumor suppression including the response of cells to nutrient and hypoxic stress, the control of programmed cell death, and the connection to tumor-associated immune responses.
（宏观）自噬是一种细胞内膜运输过程，用于将细胞质成分递送至溶酶体进行降解。在基础水平上，它对于维持细胞质和基因组的完整性至关重要，因此是维持细胞内平衡的关键。自噬也具有高度的适应性，可以被修饰以消化特定的货物，从而在响应多种形式的细胞内和细胞外应激时产生选择性的影响。因此，自噬在癌症中起着重要的作用，自噬的改变可能导致恶性疾病，这并不奇怪。我们在这里回顾了自噬在肿瘤抑制的各个方面的作用，包括细胞对营养和缺氧应激的反应、程序性细胞死亡的控制，以及与肿瘤相关的免疫反应的联系。
