[The scientific societies and surgeons' congresses in Russia: the second-half of XIXth--the early XXth centuries].

The organization of specialized surgeons' societies in Russia began in the last quarter of XIXth century. The first societies emerged in Moscow and St. Petersburg in 1870-1880. In the early XXth century the surgeons'society was organized in Kiev. The surgeons' societies played a prominent role in development of theory and practice of surgery and in popularization of achievements of modern science. The societies were the prime movers of convocation of Russian surgeons' congresses which initiated the dedicated investigation of particular actual issues of surgery.